定语从句（2014) (2)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,The Attributive Clause,定语从句复习,Go over,Attributive Clause,（定语从句）,概念：在,复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语,从句。,被,修饰的名词或代词叫,先行词,。,He is an English,teacher,who,likes singing songs.,定语从句,先行词,引导词,这,种从句由,关系代,词,或,关系副词,引导，并作句子成分。,Attributive clause:,定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。,定,语,从,句,的,引,导,词,关系,代词,关系,副词,指人,指物,who(,主语、宾语,),，,whom(,宾语,),，,that(,主语、,宾语,、,表语,)whose(,定语,),that(,主语、,宾语,、,表语,),which(,主,语、,宾语,、定语,)whose(,定,语,),where(,地点状语,),when(,时间状语,),why(,原因状语,),Attributive clause:,限制性定语从句,restrictive,非限制性定语从句,non-restrictive,是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从,句和主句关系十分密切,，写,时不用逗号分开。,和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。,I was,the only person,who was invited,in my office.,Jenny,with whom I played table tennis,yesterday,lives in my next room.,The man,who came here yesterday,has,come again.,That is,Mr.Wang,whose daughter,teaches English at a middle school,.,注意：,引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用,that,，指,人,时用,who,(,主语,),whom,(,宾语,),，指,物,时须用,which,.,考点一,:,如何判定用,关系代词,还是用,关系副词,1,、找出定语从句中是否,主语和宾语都齐全,。如齐全,用,关系副词,。,用什么关系副词看先行词。,I will never forget the days,(_ I stayed with you).,when,_,_,Jurassic Park is about a park,(_ a very rich man keeps different kinds of,dinosaurs,).,_,where,Please give me the reason,_(you made such a great success).,_,_,why,2,、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物,动词，如是，用,关系代词，可以省略。,如不是，用,关系副词。,考点一,:,如何判定用,关系代词,还是用,关系副词,Yesterday we went to visit the house,_(the great writer used,to live).,_,_,where,in which,The house,_(they built in 1987),stayed up in the earthquake,.,which,that,/,_,_,Luckily none of the people,_(I know),were killed in the,earthquake,.,who,whom,that,/,_,_,My father was born in the year,_(the Second World War,broke out).,_,_,in which,when,3,、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用,关系副词。,Kunming is a beautiful place,_(,flowers,are seen,all the,year round).,where,October 1,st,is the day,_(,new China,was founded,).,when,The window,(_,was opened,this morning),has been broken,.,which,that,The meeting,(_,will be held,next week),is very important,.,which,that,考点一,:,如何判定用,关系代词,还是用,关系副词,试比较：,A.Iknowaplace wecanhaveapicnic.,我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。,Iknowaplace isfamousforits,beautifulnaturalscenery.,我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。,B.Iwillneverforgetthedays wespentour,holidaystogether.,我永远忘不了我们一起 度假的日子。,Iwillneverforgetthedays wespent,together.,我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。,C.Thisisthereason hewas,dismissed.,这就是他被解雇的原因。,Thisisthereason heexplainedtome,forhisnotattendingthemeeting.,这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。,where,that/which,when,that/which,(why/for which/that),that/which,考点二：,that,和,which,的选择,(1)that,指物时一般可以与,which,互换，但在下列情,况,引,导词只用,that,，不用,which,。,当先行词为,all,much,little,few,none,anything,everything,nothing,等不定代词时，如：,a.All,that can be done,has been done.,b.There is little,(that)the enemy can do,besides surrender.,先行词被,all,every,no,some,any,little,much,修,饰时,如：,Ive read,all,the books,(that)you gave me.,考点二：,that,和,which,的选择,先行词是,序数词,或,形容词最高级,修饰时。,This is,the best,book,(that),Ive ever read.,This is,the first,composition,(that)he has written in English.,先行词被,the only,the very,the last,修饰时。,That white flower is,the only,one (that)I really like.,This is,the,very,book(that)I want to find.,当有两个或两个以上分别表示,人和物,的先行词时，这个定语从句要用,that,而不用,who(whom),和,which,引导。如：,He talked about the,teachers and schools,（,that,）,he had visited.,先行词是疑问词,who,which,what,时，定语从句用,that,而不用,who,(whom),和,which,引导。,考点二：,that,和,which,的选择,Who is the person,that is standing at the gate?,Which of us,that knows something about physics,does not know this?,What,that is on the table,belongs to me?,当关系代词在从句中作表语时：,Mary is no longer the girl,(that)she used to be.,China is no longer the country,that it used to be.,1.which,可以引导,非限定性定语,从句,可,用于,介,词,后,其先,行词,可以是,一个词,也,可以是,整个,主句或主句的某一部分,。,1.She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.,A.it B.which C.this D.that,2.The weather turned out to be good,_ was more than we could expect.,A.what B.which C.that D.it,考点二：,that,和,which,的选择,（,2,）只用,which,的情况,B,B,只能用,which,做关系代词的情况,2.,在非限制性定语从句中，只能用,which,指代物，用,who/whom,指人.,She said she had finished her,work,which,I doubted very much.,In our school there are eight,foreign,teachers,who,come from Australia.,His mother,，,whom,he loved dearly,，,died in 1818,3.,在由,“,介词,+,关系代词,”,引导的定语从句中，只能用,which,指物，,whom,指人。,4.,先行词本身是,that,时，关系词用,which,先行词是,those,one,he,时多用,who,。,考点三：,as,与,which,引导的定语从句,对这两个词作如下归纳：,1,、如果定语放主句后，,即可用,as,也可以用,which.,He failed to pass the exam,as(=which)is natural.,She seems to be a scientist,as(=which)in fact she is.,Grammar is not a dead rule,which(=as)I have said before.,2,、如果从句在主句前，这时要用,as,而不用,which,引导 定,语从句。如：,As we all know,his parents were killed in the war.,AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagainin,thismid-termexamination.,3.,用于,the sameas,suchas,，,asas,soas,中，,一般用,as,。,e.g.,Such,books,as you tell me,are interesting.,This is,the same,book,as I lent you yesterday.,4.as,代表前面主句意思时，有“正如,”,之意，而,which,没有此意思，从句中的动词常是,expect,know,see,think,want,suppose,等。,He won the match,as we had expected.,He agreed to the plan,as was to be expected.,The police were looking for him,as he thought.,考点三：