计算机组织与结构

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,#,计算机组织与结构,Computer Organization and Architecture,William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture,Architecture,(,those attributes visible to the programmer,),Organization,(,the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architecture,),This hierarchical organization is described in this book,from the top down,:Computer system,Processor,Control unit,The examples of this book are drawn from two computer families:the Intel Pentium II,and the PowerPC.,William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture,The book is organized into five parts:,Part One,Overview,a preview and context for the remainder of the book.,Part Two,The computer system,A computer system consists of processor,memory,and I/O modules,plus the interconnections among these major components.,William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture,Part Three,The central processing unit,The CPU consists of a control unit,registers,the arithmetic and logic unit,the instruction execution unit,and the interconnections among these components.,Part Four,The control unit,The control unit is that part of the processor that activates the various components of the processor.This part looks at the functioning of the control unit and its implementation using microprogramming.,William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture,Part Five,Parallel organization,This final part looks at some of the issues involved in multiple processor and vector processing organizations.,William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture,Chapter 1Introduction,1.1,Architecture&Organization 1,Computer a,rchitecture,is those attributes visible to the programmer,or,those attributes that have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program.,Architectural attributes,:i,nstruction set,number of bits used for data representation,I/O mechanisms,addressing techniques.,e.g.Is there a multiply instruction?,Computer o,rganization,is how features are implemented,in other words,computer organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications.,Organization attributes,:those hardware details transparent to the programmer(c,ontrol signals,interfaces,memory technology,),.,e.g.Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?,Architecture&Organization 2,All Intel x86,family,share,the same basic architecture,The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture,This gives code compatibility,At least backwards,Organization differs between different versions,1.2 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION,Structure,:The way in which the components are interrelated.,Function,:The operation of each individual components as part of the structure.,Function,A,computer,s basic,functions:,Data processing,Data storage,Data movement,Control,Functional view,Functional view of a computer,Data,Movement,Apparatus,Control,Mechanism,Data,Storage,Facility,Data,Processing,Facility,OPERATING ENVIROMENT,Source and,Destination,of Data,Operations(1),Data movement,e.g.keyboard to screen,Data,Movement,Apparatus,Control,Mechanism,Data,Storage,Facility,Data,Processing,Facility,Operations(2),Storage,e.g.Internet download to disk,Data,Movement,Apparatus,Control,Mechanism,Data,Storage,Facility,Data,Processing,Facility,Operation(3),Processing from/to storage,e.g.updating bank statement,Data,Movement,Apparatus,Control,Mechanism,Data,Storage,Facility,Data,Processing,Facility,Operation(4),Processing from storage to I/O,e.g.printing a bank statement,Data,Movement,Apparatus,Control,Mechanism,Data,Storage,Facility,Data,Processing,Facility,Structure-Top Level,Computer,Main,Memory,Input,Output,Systems,Interconnection,Peripherals,Communication,lines,Central,Processing,Unit,Computer,Structure-The CPU,Computer,Arithmetic,and,Login Unit,Control,Unit,Internal CPU,Interconnection,Registers,CPU,I/O,Memory,System,Bus,CPU,Structure-The Control Unit,CPU,Control,Memory,Control Unit,Registers and,Decoders,Sequencing,Logi,c,Control,Unit,ALU,Registers,Internal,Bus,Control Unit,Outline of the Book(1),Computer Evolution and Performance,Computer Interconnection Structures,Internal Memory,External Memory,Input/Output,Operating Systems Support,Computer Arithmetic,Instruction Sets,Outline of the Book(2),CPU Structure and Function,Reduced Instruction Set Computers,Superscalar Processors,Control Unit Operation,Microprogrammed Control,Multiprocessors and Vector Processing,Digital Logic(Appendix),Internet Resources-Web site for book,links to sites of interest,links to sites for courses that use the book,errata list for book,information on other books by W.Stallings,Internet Resources-Web sites to look for,Architecture Home Page,CPU Info Center,ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture,IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Architecture,Intel Technology Journal,Manufacturers sites,Intel,IBM,etc.,Internet Resources-Usenet News