英语句子成分分析-简单句句型

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,词 性,Part of speech,词类,英语名称,作用,例词,名词,Noun,（缩写为,n.,）,表示人或事物的名称,party,政党,China,中国,代词,Pronoun(pron.),用来代替名词、形容词或数词等,He,他,that,那,数词,Numeral(num.),表示数量或顺序,one,一,first,第一,形容词,Adjective,（,adj.,）,用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特性、性质,safe,安全,great,伟大,副词,Adverb(adv.),用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作或形状的特性,hard,艰苦,here,这里,冠词,Article(art.),用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物,an,，,a,，,the,动词,Verb(v.),表示人或事物的动作或状态,eat,吃,have,有,介词,Preposition(prep.),用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系,under,在,.,下,in,在,.,里,连词,Conjunction(conj.),用来连接词、短语或句子,and,和,but,但是,感叹词,Interjection(interj.),表示说话时的感情或口气,Hello,喂,why,呃，嘿,1.Several _ are talking under the tree,And they are_.,A,woman;children B,woman;child C,women;children,2.How far is your school from here,？,Not very far,Its about twenty,walk.,（,2000,杭州）,A,minutes B,minutes C,minutes,3.There are three,in my family.(2004,长春）,A.people B.person C.child,4.Most students can go to college for further,in our city.,A.education B.information C.science,5.This is,bedroom.The twin sisters like it very much.,A.Ann and Jane B.Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes,典型例题解析,C,C,A,A,B,NOUN.,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：,1.Different people may have different _.(idea),2.I often go to work on,.(foot),3.I know one of the,.(boy),4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of,.(glass),5.Please give them their,.(photo),6.Are there any,in the box?(watch),7.There are twelve,in a year.(month),NOUN.,8.Would you like some,?(tomato),9.Look at those,in the boats!(people),10.Look!The,are singing.(woman),11.September 10th is,Day.(teacher),12.Jim has some,.(knife),13.How much are these,?(vegetable),14.,My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute),15.The girl under the tree is a friend of,_,.(Lucy),数,单数,复数,人称,一,二,三,一,二,三,人代主格,I,you,he/she/it,we,you,they,人代宾格,me,you,him/her/it,us,you,them,形物,代,my,your,his/her,/,its,our,your,their,名物,代,mine,yours,his/hers,/,its,ours,yours,theirs,反身代词,myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,句子成分,Members of a Sentence,什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。,现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。,英语的基本成分有七种：主语（,S,）、谓语（,V,）、表语（,P,）、宾语（,O,）、定语（,attribute,）、状语,(,adverbial,),和补语（,complement,）。,英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型，掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,英语,五种,基本句型列式如下：,一：,（主谓）,二：,（主系表）,三：,（主谓宾）,四：,（主谓间宾直宾）,五：,（主谓宾宾补）,（不及物动词）,1.The sun was shining.,太阳在照耀着。,2.The moon rose.,月亮升起了。,3.The universe remains.,宇宙长存。,4.We all breathe,eat,and drink.,我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。,5.Who cares?,管它呢？,6.What he said does not matter.,他所讲的没有什么关系。,7.They talked for half an hour.,他们谈了半个小时。,8.The pen writes smoothly,这支笔书写流利。,（系动词）,1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.,这是本英汉辞典。,2.The dinner smells good.,午餐的气味很好。,3.He fell in love.,他堕入了情网。,4.Everything looks different.,一切看来都不同了。,基本句型 三：（主谓宾）,此句型句子的,共同特点,是：谓语动词都具有,实义,，都是,主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思,，必须跟有一个,宾语,，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做,及物动词,。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般,同主语构成一样,，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是,代词宾格,，如：,me,，,him,，,them,等,（及物动词）,1.,He enjoys reading.,他喜欢看书。,2.She smiled her thanks.,她微笑表示感谢。,3.,They ate a big meal.,他们吃了一顿丰盛的饭菜。,4.He said Good morning.,他说：,早上好！,基本句型 四：,（主谓间宾直宾）,有些及物动词可以有,两个宾语,，如：,give,给，,pass,递，,bring,带，,show,显示,。这两个宾语通常一个指,人,，为,间接宾语,；一个指,物,，为,直接宾语,。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。,一般的顺序为：,动词,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,。,如：,Give me a cup of tea,please,.,强调间接宾语,顺序为：,动词,+,直接宾语,+,介词,+,间接宾语,。如：,Show this house to Mr.Smith,.,（及物）,（多指人）,（多指物,）,1.She ordered herself a new dress.,她给自己定了一套新衣裳。,2.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.,她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。,3.He brought you a dictionary.,他给你带来了一本字典。,4.He denies her nothing.,他对她什么都不拒绝。,5.I showed him my pictures.,我给他看我的照片,6.I gave my car a wash.,我洗了我的汽车。,基本句型 五：,（主谓宾宾补）,此句型的句子的,共同特点,是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个,补充成分,来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出,说明,的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成,复合宾语,。,名词,/,代词宾格,+,名词,The war made him,a soldier,.,战争使他成为一名战士,.,名词,/,代词宾格,+,形容词,New methods make the job,easy,.,新方法使这项工作变得轻松,.,名词,/,代词宾格,+,介词短语,I often find him,at work,.,我经常发现他在工作,.,名词,/,代词宾格,+,动词不定式,The teacher ask the students,to close the windows,.,老师让学生们关上窗户,.,名词,/,代词宾格,+,分词,I saw a cat,running across the road,.,我看见一只猫跑过了马路,.,（及物）,（宾语）,（宾补）,1.They appointed him,manager,.,他们任命他当经理。,2.They painted the door,green,.,他们把门漆成绿色,3.This set them,thinking,.,这使得他们要细想一想。,4.They found the house,deserted,.,他们发现那房子无人居住。,但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（,modifier,）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：,定语、状语,一、定语：,定语是对,名词或代词,起修饰、限定作用的,词、短语或句子,，汉语中常用,的表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰,some,any,every,no,构成的复合不定代词时，（如：,something,、,nothing,）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常,置后,。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。,形容词作定语,：,The,little,boy needs a,blue,pen.,(little,修饰名词,boy,；,blue,修饰名词,pen.,）,/,小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。,Tom is a,handsome,boy./Tom,是个英俊的男孩。,There is a,good,boy./,有个乖男孩。,数词作定语相当于形容词：,Two boys need,two,pens.,两个男孩需要两支钢笔。,There are,two,boys in the room.,房间里有两个男孩。,代词或名词所有格作定语,：,His,boy needs,Toms,pen.,他的男孩需要,Tom,的钢笔。,His,name is Tom.,他的名字是汤姆。,介词短语作定语,：,The boy,in the classroom,needs a pen of yours.,教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。,The boy,in blue,is Tom.,穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。,名词作定语,：,The boy needs a,ball,pen.,男孩需要一支圆珠笔。,There is only one,ball