议论文写作讲座(1)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Argumentation,议论文,1)Definition of argumentation,An argumentative is an essay which tries to make the reader agree with its point of view and support it,to persuade him to change his mind or behavior.,The purpose of argumentation is,to convince,.,Argumentation,2)Comparison between exposition and argumentation:,(1)Exposition:,Benefits of a Good Breakfast,Nowadays more and more people have realized the importance of a good breakfast.No matter how busy they are,they dont want to skip it.They begin to pay great attention to its variety as well as the quality.,Argumentation,A good breakfast can help us to develop a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early.Most of the people skipping breakfast are those who tend to oversleep.They dont have time to get breakfast.In order to prepare for breakfast,we have to get up early,and then it is also possible for us to go out to take some exercise.,Argumentation,A good breakfast is also good to our study or work.Without breakfast,hunger will certainly divert our concentration,Dieters can benefit from a good breakfast,too.With breakfast,they can avoid eating too much at noon and thus avoid gathering too much fat at one time.,With so many benefits,we should remember to take breakfast everyday.,Argumentation,(2)Argumentation,Benefits of a Good Breakfast,As for the importance of a good breakfast,different people have different views.Some people think that it is necessary to have a good breakfast,but others hold that it is not important to have it or not.As to me,I am in favor of the first idea.The following reasons can account for my inclination.,Argumentation,A good breakfast can help us to develop a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early.Most of the people skipping breakfast are those who tend to oversleep.They dont have time to get breakfast.In order to prepare for breakfast,we have to get up early,and then it is also possible for us to go out to take some exercise.,Argumentation,A good breakfast is also good to our study or work.Without breakfast,hunger will certainly divert our concentration,Dieters can benefit from a good breakfast,too.With breakfast,they can avoid eating too much at noon and thus avoid gathering too much fat at one time.,With so many benefits to have a good breakfast,it is not difficult to understand why I agree with the first idea.,Argumentation,a)Analysis of the two essays:,(1)Text Structures are the same:Introduction+body+conclusion,(2)The ways to develop the bodies of the two essays are the same,but the functions are different;,(3)The contents in the introductions are different:In the argumentative introduction,there is a debatable point and raises the theme of the whole essay,while in the exposition introduction,there is no debatable point and it describes the phenomenon of people paying attention to the breakfast only.,(4)The conclusion of argumentation emphasizes the main idea of the essays while the conclusion of exposition makes a survey and gives ones hope or suggestions.,Argumentation,b)Conclusion:,From the above analysis,we can draw the conclusion that,argumentation and exposition are very closely related:argumentation is actually exposition with the additional purpose of convincing or persuading,(,带有,“,说服,”,附加目的说明文,).,Argumentation,3)The requirements of a good argumentative essay:,(1)A debatable point,(,要有一个争议观点,),It is imperative that the paper should have a debatable point,that is,something which can be viewed from more,than one angle and is therefore open to dispute.,Generally speaking,the following are not good themes.,Argumentation,A.Mere statements of facts(,仅仅陈述事实）,Compare the following two themes,which is debatable?,a.,There are many benefits to have a good breakfast.,b.,Is it important to have a good breakfast?,B.Statements of personal preference(,讨论纯属个人好恶的问题,),a.,Ba,Jin is my favorite author(not to lead to dispute),b.,Ba,Jin is the greatest Chinese writer of the 20th century (disputable),Argumentation,C.Viewpoints that are generally accepted or can be easily verified(,提出人们普遍接受且容易证明的观点）,a.,Noise pollution is harmful to peoples health (which can be proved),b.,Noise pollution is the most harmful of all environmental pollution”(which is arguable),Argumentation,2)Sufficient evidence(,充足的证据,),3)Good logic,（逻辑性强）,a)inductive reasoning(,归纳推理法,),b)deductive reasoning(,演绎推理法）,4)Clear logic,（逻辑清楚）,The evidence you provide should be arranged:,a)from the least to the most important;,b)from the most familiar to the least familiar;,c)from the easiest to accept or comprehend to the most difficult.,Argumentation,5)Good use of the other three types of writing-,description,narration,and esp.the various methods of,exposition.,（较好地运用其他三种文体）,6)An honest and friendly attitude,（态度友善、实事求是）,To argue is not to quarrel.The force of an argument does not come from abuse,exaggeration or fierce attacks,but from solid evidence,logical reasoning,and careful analysis.In addition,an honest and f