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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,完形填空的解题技巧,完形填空的解题技巧,完形填空题是一种集知识和能力为一体,通过,对上下文的理解,来检验学生运用语言的综合能力,同时考察学生的逻辑推理能力和对比上下文的驾驭能力。它是一种高难度的障碍性阅读题,因此,我们除了掌握好必要的词汇,语法,习惯搭配外,还要具有良好的解题技巧和习惯。,so lets get down to our business!,Learning objectives,1.To learn about some basic skills of cloze test , and distinguish(,辨别,) them in the given text.,2.To develop the ability to put the skills into practice and cultivate the textsense,.,3.To experience the cultures of English- speaking countries through cloze test .,Learning objectives1.To learn,(一)完形填空题的题型特点,1.,首句完整,“完形填空” 所选短文一般无标题,但首句通常不设空,目的是让考生迅速进入主题,熟悉语言环境,建立正确的思维导向。,2.,语境选择,近几年的高考完形填空题主要考查考生对上下文的理解,要求考生通过语境来作出选择。 “语境能力型” 试题具有相当难度,因为完形填空所给的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立,错误选项多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某种搭配,极具干扰和迷惑作用。,做完形填空题,需要我们立足语篇环境,树立全局观念,瞻前顾后,连贯思维,从语境角度来选择答案。,(一)完形填空题的题型特点,例如:,(1) Japan is an island country and its _ go all over Japan.,(2) Japan is an island country and its_ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to catch.,(3) Japan is an island country and its_ go on the Pacific looking for the missing people.,选择项:,A. fishing boats B. lifeboats,C. planes D. trains,A, B, C, D,A,B,例如:A, B, C, DAB,3.,动名为主,完形填空所给的选项一般是同一词类,或属同一范畴。测试点往往集中于某些词类。高考完形填空题考查,动词(58个),、,名词(46个),、然后是形容词,副词等。而介词、连词、冠词等,虚词则相对考得较少,。这是因为现在的完形填空主要考察语境,而在通常情况下只有实词才能较好地体现语境。,3. 动名为主,4.,难处暗示,难选之处前后多有暗示。这种暗示多为后面暗示前面,也就是说前面的填空从当时的情况来看,或是线索不清,或是语境不明,无法填出,,但只要我们继续往下读,我们就会发现此空在后面的某个地方有暗示。,4. 难处暗示,5.,选材适中,近几年来的高考完型填空题材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或具有一定哲理和教育意义,夹叙夹议,以叙为主的议论文。词数在,200-300,之间。设空距离为,10,个词左右。短文内容结构严谨,逻辑性强,层次分明。材料难度与高三教材相当,所选短文的英语语言符合高三学生的实际水平。,5. 选材适中,近年高考完形填空题型特点,1.,以叙为主,叙议结合,;,2.,篇章短小,意义完整,;,3.,首句完整,主题明确,;,4.,结构清晰,层次分明,;,5.,考查语境,侧重辨析,;,6.,实词为主,虚词为辅,;,7.,逻辑推理,隐于语篇,;,8.,常识语法,每年出现。,近年高考完形填空题型特点1. 以叙为主, 叙议结,(三)完型填空题实用解题技巧,能力升华,实用技巧一:,利用,词义复现,解题,(三)完型填空题实用解题技巧能力升华实用技巧一:,例,1,:,(,2015,陕西高考,),Dad has a green comb. He bought it when he married mum. Every night, he would hand me his,26,and say, “Good girl, help Daddy clean it, ok?”,After my graduation, dads business was getting back on track. On my 28,th,birthday, dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he said, “ Hey, would you help me,36,my comb?” I looked at a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.,Dad has a green comb. He bought it when he married mum. Every night, he would hand me his,26,and say, “Good girl, help Daddy clean it, ok?”,26. A. bag B.wallet,C.comb D.brush,Dad has a green comb. He boug,After my graduation, dads business was getting back on track. On my 28,th,birthday, dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he said, “ Hey, would you help me,36,my comb?” I looked at a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.,36. A. sharpen B.repair,C.clean D.keep,根据上文中爸爸的问句:,good girl, help daddy clean it,ok?,After my graduation, dads b,tips:,词义复现,,不仅是同一个词,同义词,反义词,近义词,都有可能成为这种类型题目的解题关键点。而且这些词的存在可能隐藏比较深;上文可能暗示下文答案;下文可能暗示上文答案,,甚至上下文信息相隔较远,,因此要集中寻找这些信息。,tips:词义复现,不仅是同一个词,同义词,反义词,近义词都,实用技巧二:,利用,上下文,暗示解题,完形填空在做题时要有整体观念,连贯性思维,要把空白处的含义与前后句联系起来,进行合乎逻辑的推理。,所谓上下文,可能是紧挨着的两句话,也可能开头的题目在尾段找到信息;中间或最后的试题可能从上下文每查到信息,信息常见的有词,短语,句子,但有时是语境暗示,。,实用技巧二:完形填空在做题时要有整体观念,连贯性思维,要把空,2015,重庆高考,When Alice was sixteen, I was the one who wanted to run away from home. It was,16,to see the changes coming over her. She skipped school, and refused to communicate. I tried being firm, but it didnt,17,. I saw a dark future for my once sweet daughter.,16. A. pleasantB. painfulC. unwiseD. inspiring,17. A. remainB. matchC. appearD. work,2015重庆高考 When Alice was sixt,实用技巧三:,利用行文逻辑解题,逻辑关系语指各种逻辑意义的连接成分,主要有,(,1,)词,(,包括连词,副词和少数介词,),,如,and, but, or, so, because, though, however, yet, therefore, despite,等。,(2),短语,,如,in other words, in addition, as a result, on the contrary, instead of,等,(3),分句和独立结构,,如,that is to say, what is more,generally speaking,等,实用技巧三:逻辑关系语指各种逻辑意义的连接成分,主要有,2015,全国二卷,My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team. They did very well this season and so_25_a tournament(,锦标赛,), which normally was only for more skilled club teams.,A. won B. entered,C. organized D.watched,2015全国二卷My daughter plays on a,实用技巧四:固定搭配,生活文化常识解题,2015,天津高考,.one agent_17_a house in particular. although her description sounded wonderful, the price was_18_our range,so we declined.,17.A.recommended B.decorated,C.sold D.rented,18.A.below B.within,C.beyond D.between,实用技巧四:固定搭配,生活文化常识解题2015天津高考.o,实用技巧五,利用英美文化解题,美国语言学家,Edard Sapir,说:“,语言不能脱离文化而存在,文化反映的是社会所想所做,而语言表达了社会的想法。,”脱离了文化的语言是空洞而又无意义的,从这个意义来说,学习一个国家的文化和学习这个国家的语言同等重要。,实用技巧五利用英美文化解题美国语言学家Edard Sapi,中国VS西方,中西方文化存在着巨大的差异,例如:,中国人喜欢关心他人,情况,、,西方人则崇尚个人主义,将自己的收入、家庭、婚姻、年龄等情况视为隐私同时,西方人比较自,我,,经常以自我为中心。,比如,有的学生去外教住所不提前预约,这不符合英美人交流的习惯。在英美,走亲访友、学生找老师、病人找医生、出差找旅店、甚至理发、裁衣服等等都要预约,在取得对方同意后才去,而不做不速之客。,中国VS西方中西方文化存在着巨大的差异, 例如:,不懂英语习俗的人也知道在需要表达感激之情时需要说“Thank you”。但他们却不知道许多其它场合也该说声“Thank you”。例如,晚会上,一位美国人用这样的话来赞美一位中国女性:“Thats a lovely dress you have on.”她可能立即回复到:“No,no,its just a very ordinary dress.”而这样的答复会引起对方的不快,他会认为女士认为自己缺乏审美能力,无法鉴别漂亮裙子和普通裙子。这时,恰如其分的做法就是说一句“Thank you”。,不懂英语习俗的人也知道在需要表达感激之情时需要说“Thank,英美人常说“You are a lucky dog ”,这没有丝毫侮辱之意,而是说你是一个幸运儿,与此相反,中国人十分喜爱猫,用“馋猫”比喻人贪嘴,常有亲昵的成分,而在西方文化中,“猫”被用来比喻“包藏祸心的女人”。,英美人常说“You are a lucky dog ”,这没,about the cultures,英美国家得社区服务囊括了社区居民需要的方方面面,从服务主体来分,它可以分为,政府提供的服务,和由,社区志愿者,提供的服务。社区志愿者的人员构成范围十分广泛,不但有专业技术人员,离退休人员,普通市民,政府官员和大学生。其中,美国政府十分重视志愿者服务,,他们对在校的大学生有严格的规定,必须参加社区服务,获得足够的社会实践经验,如果达不到一定的服务时数是不能毕业的。,about the cultures英美国家得社区服务囊括了,第六实用技巧:利用语法关系解题(淡化),第七实用技巧:利用词义辨析解题(后续),第六实用技巧:利用语法关系解题(淡化),一显身手,Discussion time!,Teamwork,合作探究(,5,分钟),一显身手 Discussion time!Teamwork,小组,内容,方式,要求:,全员,参与、,积极,讨论、,表达,清晰、体现完型技巧,G,训练一至训练三,口头,G,训练四至二摸,42,题,口头,G,二摸,43-45,题,口头,G,二摸,46-48,口头,G,二摸,49-51,口头,G,Presentation,展示,小组内容方式 口头 G 训练四至二摸42题口头 G,五大完型 技巧:,利用词义复现,利用上下文暗示,利用行文逻辑,利用固定搭配,常识,利用英美文化,总 结,五大完型 技巧:总 结,2015年四川卷完型(红对勾p06)完成那一二段,2015年四川卷完型(红对勾p06)完成那一二段,Homework,:,Homework:,六。利用语法关联解题,语法在完形中往往是通过对各类从句的引导词进行考察的,因此平时要熟练掌握引导词的用法(,2015,天津高考),六。利用语法关联解题语法在完形中往往是通过对各类从句的引导词,七。利用词义辨析解题,八。利用固定搭配解题,九。利用文章首句,明确文章主旨大意解题,七。利用词义辨析解题八。利用固定搭配解题,完形填空所考查的能力,快速阅读,skimming,找中心句,理顺文章,判断,推理,分析,词汇语法,背景知识生活常识,topic sentence,organization,analysis & conclusion,vocabulary & grammar,background &knowledge,完形填空所考查的能力快速阅读skimming找中心句理顺文章,
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