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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 10 By the time I got outside,the bus had already left,重点词组（,Key phrases,）,1,by the time,到,时候为止,2,get outside,到外边,3,get to school,到学校,4,get up,起床,5,get into the shower,去洗澡,6,get home,到家,7,start doing/to do,sth,开始做某事,8,be late for,迟到,9,go off,（闹钟）闹响,10,wake up,醒来,11,come out,出来，出现,12,run off,迅速离开，跑掉,13,on time,准时,14,in time,及时,15,come by,（走）过来,16,give,sb,a ride,让某人搭车,17,break down,损坏，坏掉,18,show up,出席，露面,19,stay up,熬夜,20,a costume party,一个化装舞会,21,sth,happen to,sb,某事发生在某人身上,22,so that,如此,以至于,23,set off,出发，开始,24,April Fools Day,愚人节,25,get married,结婚,26,marry,sb,与某人结婚,27,both and,二者,都,28,get dressed,穿好衣服,29,on the first day,在第一天,语法重点（,Grammar Focus,）,1,Past perfect Tense,过去完成时,构成：,had,过去分词（,had,没有人称和数的变化）,过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。既然过去完成时的动作发生在过去某一时间之前，那么，使用过去完成时就必须先有这样一个过去的时间。,eg,I had finished my homework before supper,我在晚饭前把作业做完了。,2,when,和,by the time,引导的时间状语从句,by the time,到,时候为止，指从过去某一点到，从句所示的时间为止，这一时间段。,when,当,时候，指过去的某一时间点。从句用一般现在时，主句为过去完成时。,eg,By the time she got up,her brother had already gone into the bathroom,到她起床的时候，她的弟弟已经去洗澡间了。,When she got to school,she realized she had left her backpack at home,当她到学校的时候，她意识到她把书包放在家里了。,（在这句话中，过去的时间点为“到校”的时候，“她把书包放在家里”则发生在“过去的过去”。）,疑难解析（,Key Points,）,1,get to,意为“到达”。例如：,When did you get there last night?,你昨晚什么时候到那儿的？,I get home at 7:00 every day,我每天,7:00,到家。,When I got to the cinema,the film had already begun,我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。,辨析：,get,arrive,与,reach,这三个词都可以用来表示“到达”，但是用法不同。,（,1,）,get,和,arrive,都是不及物动词，其后只能跟表示地点的副词，若是跟名词则须再加介词，即,get to,地点名词，,arrive in/at,地点名词（,in,之后跟表示大地方的词，,at,之后跟表示小地方的词）。若是只说“到达”，而不指出到达哪里，则只能用,arrive,。例如：,How did you get/arrive there?,你怎么到那儿的？,I got to/arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday,我前天到的北京。,When do you often get to/arrive at school?,你经常什么时候到校？,When will you arrive?,你什么时候到？,（,2,）,reach,为及物动词，其后既可跟名词也可跟副词。例如：,I reached Beijing the day before yesterday,我前天到的北京。,We reached here on foot,我们步行到这儿的。,2,关于,get,的词组小结,在本单元出现大量关于,get,的词组，要注意背诵：,get to school,到学校,get into the shower,去洗澡,get outside,到外边,get home,到家,get up,起床,get married,结婚,get dressed,穿好衣服,get to class,到班级,get bored,变得无聊,get tired,变得疲劳,3,Ive never been late for school,but yesterday I came very close,我上学从未迟到过，但是昨天差一点儿就迟到了。,（,1,）,Ive,是,I have,的缩写，,have been late,是现在完成时态，现在完成时是指一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去，而且对现在产生了一定的影响，其构成是,have/has,动词过去分词。例如：,I have been here since 1999,自,1999,年以来我就在这儿。,We have lived in,Jinan,for 20 years,我们已经在济南住了,20,年了。,She hasnt worked for 2 years,她已,2,年不工作了。,（,2,）,be late for,意为“,迟到”，,for,为介词，所以其后须跟名词。例如：,Dont be late for the meeting,开会别迟到了。,Jim was late for school again,吉姆上学又迟到了。,Tom has been late for classes twice.,汤姆上课已经迟到两次了。,（,3,）,close,在此为副词“接近地，靠近地”。此外,came very close,意为“到时与迟到很接近”。,4,My alarm clock didnt go off,闹钟没有大响,go off,意为“爆发，大响”。例如：,Although the alarm clock went off,he didnt wake up,虽然闹钟大响，但是他还是没有醒来。,与,go,有关的词组还有：,（,1,）,go in for“,参加”（竞赛、考试）；（作为嗜好、工作）“爱好”。例如：,She goes in for bird,watching,她爱好赏鸟。,（,2,）,go on“,进行，继续”。例如：,Please go on,请继续。,（,3,）,go on doing,sth,或,go on with,sth,“,继续做,”,。例如：,He went on working without having a rest,他一直工作，没停下来休息过。,（,4,）,go over“,调查，视察；越过”。例如：,You must go over your lessons before the exam,考试前你必须复习。,5,and I had to wait for him to come out,我不得不等他出来。,（,1,）,have to,意为“必须，不得不”。例如：,Do you have to take the test?,你必须考试吗？,Tom has to practice speaking Chinese every day,汤姆每天必须练习讲汉语。,辨析：,have to,与,must,这两个词都可以表示“必须”。,have to,更加强调客观原因，而,must,则强调主观原因；含有,have to,的句子在作句型转换时须借助于助动词,do,，,does,或,did,，而,must,本身是情态动词，进行句型转换时可以直接通过,must,改变。例如：,It is raining,we have to stay at home.,天在下雨，我们不得不待在家里。,We must work hard,我们必须努力工作。,Lucy doesnt have to stand,露茜不必站着。,You mustnt play in the street,你不能在街道上玩。,（,2,）,wait,是不及物动词“等待，等候”的意思。可以用于词组,wait for,sb,“等某人”，,wait to do,sth,“等着做某事”，,wait for,sb,to do,sth,“等某人做某事”。例如：,Who are you waiting for?,你在等谁？,They cant wait to open the presents,他们迫不及待地打开礼物。,You can wait for him to help you,你可以等着他帮你。,6,Unfortunately,by the time I got there,the bus had already left,不幸的是，我到那儿的时候，公交车已经走了。,unfortunately,是副词“不幸地”，是由,fortunately,加否定前缀“,un”,构成的。英语中有一部分词在词首或词尾加上前缀或后缀就可以变成另外一个词。如：,lucky,（幸运的）,unlucky,（不幸的），,use,（用）,useful,（有用的），,forget,（忘记）,forgetful,（健忘的），,un,作前缀表示“,not”,的含义，即“,un”,是一个否定前缀。例如：,fit,（合适的）,unfit,（不合适的），,fair,（公平的）,unfair,（不公平的），,known,（闻名的）,unknown,（不闻名的）等。,7,Luckily,my friend Tony and his Dad came by in his Dads car and they gave me a ride.,幸运的是，我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐着他爸爸的车经过，他们让我搭了个便车。,（,1,）,come by,意为“经过，走过；获得，获有”。例如：,Please let the car come by,请让车过去。,Good jobs are not easy to come by,好工作不容易找到。,与,come,有关的其他词组：,come out”,出来；开花；出版”。例如：,The moon has come out,月亮出来了。,Its too cold for the flowers to come out,天太冷了，花不开了。,come about”,发生，产生”。例如：,Tell me how the accident came about,告诉我事情是怎么发生的。,come across“,（偶然）发现,，遇见,”,。例如：,I came across his name on the list,我无意中在名单上发现他的名字。,come after”,继,之后，接,而来”。例如：,Sunday comes after Saturday,星期天在星期六之后。,come back”,回来”。例如：,When did he come back?,他什么时候回来的？,come to oneself”,苏醒，醒过来”。例如：,At last,he came to himself,最后他醒了。,come from”
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