脑神经专题知识

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,*,Section 2,The Cranial Nerves,(脑神经),I.Olfactory n.,(嗅神经),II.Optic n.,(视神经),III.Oculomotor n.,(动眼神经),IV.Trochlear n.,(滑车神经,),V.Trigeminal n.,(三叉神经,),VI.Abducent n.,(展神经),VII.Facial n.,(面神经),Systematic Anatomy,1,The Cranial Nerves,一嗅二视三动眼，四滑五叉六外展，七面八听九舌咽，,十是迷走十一副，再加舌下十二全。,VIII.Vestibulocochlear n.,(前庭蜗神经)(位听神经),IX.Glossopharyngeal n.,(舌咽神经),X.Vagus n.,(迷走神经),XI.Accessory n.,(副神经),XII.Hypoglossal n.,(舌下神,经),O,h.,o,h.,o,h.,t,o,t,ouch,a,nd,f,eel,v,ery,g,reen,v,egetables,AH,!,Systematic Anatomy,2,Introduction,A.Classification of the Cranial Nerves,1.Sensory nerves,(感觉神经):,I,II,VIII.,2.Motor nerves,(运动神经):,III,IV,VI,XI,XII.,3.Mixed nerves,(混合神经):,V,VII,IX,X.,Systematic Anatomy,3,Introduction,B.,Components of the,C,ranial,Nerves,1.Sensory(afferent)fibers,感觉(传入)纤维,1)general somatic sensory fiber,(GSA),(一般躯体感觉纤维):,skin nerve endings(皮肤神经末稍)muscle spindles(肌梭),Systematic Anatomy,4,Introduction,2)special somatic sensory fiber,(SSA),(特殊躯体感觉纤维):,visual(视),hearing(听),balance organs(平,衡),Systematic Anatomy,5,Introduction,3)general visceral sensory fiber,(GVA),(一般内脏感觉纤维):,all viscera(全部内脏),4)special visceral sensory fiber,(SVA)(,特殊内脏感觉纤维):,olfactory(嗅器)and taste(味器),Systematic Anatomy,6,Introduction,2.Motor(efferent)fibers,运动(传出）纤维,1)general somatic motor fiber,(GSE)(一般躯体运动纤维):,muscles of the eye and tongue(眼外肌和舌肌),Systematic Anatomy,7,Introduction,2)general visceral motor fiber(GVE)(一般内脏运动纤维):,smooth mm.(平滑肌),cardiac mm.(心肌),glands(腺体),Systematic Anatomy,8,Introduction,3)special visceral motor fiber,(SVE)(特殊内脏运动):,skeletal muscles derive from branchial arch(源与鳃弓旳骨骼肌),I 鳃弓,咀嚼肌,II 鳃弓 面肌,III-VII 鳃弓 咽喉肌,胸锁乳突肌,斜方肌,Systematic Anatomy,9,I.The Olfactory Nerve,(嗅神经),SVA,olfactory,bulb,(嗅球),olfactory filaments(I),(嗅丝),cribriform foramina,olfactory,cells,(嗅细胞),within the olfactory,epithelium of nasal cavity,(在鼻腔内嗅区上皮),anosmia,嗅觉丧失,hyposmia 嗅觉减退,Systematic Anatomy,10,II.The Optic Nerve,(视神经),SSA,rod cells,(视杆细胞),cone cells,(视锥细胞),ganglionic,cells,(节细胞,),II,optic,chiasma,(视交叉),optic canal,(视神经管),photoreceptor cells,(感光细胞),total blindness 全盲,bipolar,cells,(,双极细胞),Systematic Anatomy,11,.The Oculomotor Nerve,(动眼神经),GSE,GVE,midbrain,（中脑）,脚间窝,III superior branch,(上支),superior rectus,levator palpebrae,superioris,(上直肌,上睑提肌),inferior rectus,medial rectus,inferior oblique,(下直肌,内直肌,下斜肌),superior orbital,fissure(眶上裂),III inferior branch,(下支),strabismus 斜视,损伤:眼睑下垂,瞳孔扩大,眼球转向外下,复视,sphincter pupil,ciliary m.,(瞳孔括约肌,睫状肌),Systematic Anatomy,12,.The Oculomotor Nerve,(动眼神经),GSE,GVE,Systematic Anatomy,13,.The Trochlear Nerve,(滑车神经),GSE,midbrain,(中脑),背侧,IV,superior oblique,（上斜肌）,sup.orbital,fissure(眶上裂),Systematic Anatomy,14,.The Trigeminal Nerve,(三叉神经),GSA,SVE,V,maxillary n,(上颌神经),ophthalmic n,(眼神经),mandibular,nerve,(下颌n),pons,(脑桥),lacrim.n,(泪腺),frontal,(额),n,nasociliary,(鼻睫),n,眶上神经,lacrimal gland(泪腺),鼻背,腔,筛窦,眼球,V,ganglion,(三叉神,经节),额皮,infraorbital,(眶下),n,sup.alveolar,(上牙槽),n,auriculotemporal n,buccal,(颊),n,lingual,(舌),n,inf.alveolar n,眼口间皮肤,上牙,牙龈,颞部皮肤,颊部皮肤,粘膜,舌前 2/3 一般感觉,Taste.舌前2/3味觉,mental,颏,n,下唇皮肤,lower teeth下牙,牙龈,masticat.brs,(咀嚼肌支),mastic.mm.咀嚼肌,trigeminal neuralgia,三叉神经痛,trigeminal nerve block,三叉神经封闭,鼓索,下颌舌骨肌N,Zygomatic n,.(颧神经),颧部皮肤,滑车上神经,VII,Systematic Anatomy,15,.The Trigeminal Nerve,(三叉神经),GSA,SVE,Systematic Anatomy,16,.The Trigeminal Nerve,(三叉神经),GSA,SVE,Systematic Anatomy,17,.The Trigeminal Nerve,(三叉神经),GSA,SVE,V,1,V,2,V,3,Systematic Anatomy,18,.The Abducent Nerve,(展神经),GSE,pons,（脑桥）,VI,lateral rectus,（外直肌）,strabismus,斜视,diplopia(double vision)复视,sup.orbital,fissure(眶上裂),Systematic Anatomy,19,CN I.The Olfactory Nerve,(SVA),olfactory bulb,I,olfactory filaments,(I),olfactory cells,CN II.The Optic Nerve,(SSA),optic chiasma,II,ganglionic,cells,bipolar,cells,rod&cone cells,CN III.The Oculomotor Nerve,(GSE,GVE),superior br.,superior rectus,levator palpebrae superioris,inferior br.,inf.rectus,medial rectus,&inferior oblique,CN IV.The Trochlear Nerve,(GSE),midbrain,IV,superior oblique,CN V.The Trigeminal Nerve,(GSA,GVA,SVE),ganglion,1.,ophthalmic n.(V,1,),lacrimal n.,lacrimal gland,frontal n.,supraorbital n.,frontal skin,supratrochlear n.,frontal skin,nasociliary n.,nose,eyeball,ðmoidal sinus,Summary of CN I-VI,Systematic Anatomy,20,2.,maxillary n.,(V2),infraorbital n.,skin between eye and mouth,zygomatic n.,zygomatic skin,pterygopalatine n.,nasal cavity,palatine&tonsil,superior alveolar n.,superior teeth,3,mandibular n.(V3),auriculotemporal n.,temporal skin,buccal n.,buccal skin and mucosa,lingual n,.,anterior 2/3 part of tongue,inferior alveolar n,.,mental n.,mental skin,inferior teeth,gingiva,submandibular ganglion,mylohyoid and digastric mm.,masticatory branches,masticatory mm.,CN VI.The Abducent Nerve,(GSE),pons,VI,lateral rectus,Summary of CN I-VI,Systematic Anatomy,21,VII.The Facial Nerve,(面神经),SVE,SVA,GSA,GVE,pons,(脑桥),延髓沟,geniculate,ganglion,(膝神经节),VII,VII,stapedius,(镫骨肌),taste of,anterior 2/3,of tongue,(舌前味觉),facial mm.,(面肌),li