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Mintacm szerkesztse,Mintaszveg szerkesztse,Msodik szint,Harmadik szint,Negyedik szint,tdik szint,*,Cambridge,Oxford,&,In England two schools of higher education were established,the first was at,Oxford,and the second at,Cambridge,at the end of the 12th century.By the 1220s these two universities were the intellectual leaders of the country.,Oxford,is a,city,and,local government discrict,in,Oxfordshire,England,with a population of 134,248(,2001,census).It is,the,home,of,the,University of Oxford,the,Christ Church Cathedral,and the,Town Hall.,Oxford in the past:the city,Oxford is the oldest university in the English speaking world,it can lay claim to 9 centuries of continuous existence.There is no clear date of foundation,but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly.,1167:Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.,The prestige of Oxford is seen in the fact that it received a charter from King Henry II,granting its citizens the same privileges and exemptions as those enjoyed by the capital of the kingdom;and various important religious houses were founded in or near the city.,Parliaments were often held in the city during the thirteenth century.,The Provisions of Oxford were installed in 1258 by a group of barons led by Simon de Montfort;these documents are often regarded as Englands first written constitution.,A map of Oxford,1605,1201:the head of the University was named a chancellor.,1231:the new name:universitas of the institution,In the mid-13th century:religious orders settled in Oxford which maintained houses for students,Soon collages were established,1250s:Balliol and Merton Colleges were established.(They are the oldest.),In 1530,Henry VIII forced the University to accept his divorce from Catherine of Aragon.,1642-1649 English Civil War:the university was the centre of the Royalist Party.,Oliver Cromwell(chancellor from 1650 to 1657)prevented Oxford and Cambridge from being closed down by the Puritans.,Oxford in the past:the university,In the 18th century Oxford was era of scientific discovery and religious revival.,Religious controversy-John Henry Newman,became a Roman Catholic in 1845 and was later made a Cardinal.,(Anglican ChurchRoman Catholic),From 1878,academic halls were established for women,who became members of the University in 1920.Since 1974,all but one of Oxfords 39 colleges have changed their statutes to admit both men and women.St Hildas remains the only womens college.,Oxfords second university,Oxford Brookes University,formerly the Oxford School of Art,based on Headington Hill,was given its charter in 1991 and has been voted for the last five years the best new university in the UK.,What did the students learn in the Middle Ages?,Grammar,Rhetoric,LogicAstronomy,Arithmetich,Music,Geometry and Latin.,Few could go to the universities.Most English people spoke neither Latin(the language of the Church and of education),nor French(the language of law and of the Norman rulers).It was a long time before English became the language of the ruling class.,By the end of the Middle Ages,English as well as Latin was being used.,Many schools were opened,because there was a growing need for educated people who could administer the government,the Church,the law and trade,The method of teaching at the university was transformed the medieval Scholastic method to Renaissance education in the 15th century.,-19th century:included the replacement of oral examinations with written entrance tests;greater tolerance for religious dissent;the establishment of four colleges for women.,General information about education:,Oxford is ranked in the worlds top ten universities.,It is a member of the Russell Group of research-led British universities,the Coimbra Group(a network of leading European universities),Some known people who have attended the University of Oxford:,Percy Bysshe Shelley,Cecil Day-Lewis,Tony Blair,Actors:Hugh Grant,Kate Beckinsale,(The official website:,http:/www.ox.ac.uk/,),Reputation,Cambridge,The city of,Cambridge,is an old,English university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire.It is also at the heart of the high-technology centre known as,Silicon Fen,.,Cambridge is best known for the,University of Cambridge,which includes the renowned Cavendish Laboratory,Kings College Chapel,and the Cambridge University Library.,According to the 2001 census,the Citys population was 108,863(including 22,153 students).,Kings College Chapel,seen from,The Backs,.,University of Cambridge,Oxford and Cambridge have had a long history of rivalry with each other.,The University of Cambridge is the 2nd oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the worlds most prestigiuos universities.,According to legend,the University dictated their location:well away from the centre of town,so that the possibility of quick access to London would not distract students from their work.However,there is no basis
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