必4unit1Grammar

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,人教课标,高一 必修 4,Unit 1,Grammar,Women of achievement,语法详解：,所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。,The boy,_ diving.,They,_ diving.,Both,Jack,and,Tim,_ diving.,All of,them _ diving.,Neither Jack nor,Tim,_ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Finish the following exercises:,Bob,Bob _ a worker.,is,Mike,Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Both,Mike,and,Bob _,workers.,are,Neither,Mike,nor,Bob _a teacher.,is,Bill,Neither,of,them _,(know)how to teach English.,knows/know,All of,them _ workers.,None of,them _,(know)how to teach English.,are,knows/know,主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：,语法一致是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定。主语为单数时谓语动词用单数，主语为复数时谓语动词也用复数。,语法一致原则,1.,and,连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：,(1),如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。,He,and,I,_ both students of this school.,我和他都是这个学校的学生。,are,The singer and dancer_,going to give us a performance.,那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。,The knife and fork,_ on the table.,刀叉在桌子上。,is,is,(2),但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是,同,一个人或物,或者指,同一概念,的时候,谓语要用,单数,。,2.,如果主语是不定式,动词,ing,形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。,What he is doing,seems very important.,他正在做的事情看起来很重要。,Collecting stamps,is his hobby.,收集邮票是他的爱好。,3.,定语从句的关系代词,who,which,that,在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。,Those who enjoy singing may join us.,Tom,who is your friend,should help you.,4.with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,but,including,如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：,The teacher,together with his students,is,planting trees in the street.,老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。,邻近一致是指谓语动词的人称和数与它,最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。,either.or;neither.nor;not only.but also,whether.or,在句子中连接主语的时候或者在,there be,句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。,就近原则,Not only the students but also,the teacher,wishes for a holiday.,Neither you nor,I am,wrong.,There is,a cup of tea,and some apples,on the table.,所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。,概念一致原则,1.,不定代词,all,more,some,any,none,作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,All of the,apples _,rotten.,所有的苹果都烂了。,All of the,apple _,rotten.,整个苹果都烂了。,不定代词,all,more,some,any,none,作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,are,is,None of the,money _,left.,没有剩下一点钱。,None of the,students _,there.,没有学生在那里。,is,is,2.the rest of;half of;part of;majority of;percent of;one third of,在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与,of,后面的名词保持一致。,Half of the,students _,finished their,composition.,一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。,Half of the,apple _,bad.,一半的苹果坏了。,About 60 percent of the,students,in our,school _ boys.,我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男,生。,have,is,are,3.,集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有,public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group,。,His,family,_ going out.,他们全家要外出。,His,family,_ all music lovers.,他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。,集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。,强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。,这一类常见的集合名词有,public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group,。,is,are,4.,某些名词如,people,police,cattle,等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。,people,指“民族”时是例外。,The police,are,searching for a thief.,The cattle,are,eating grass on the hill.,5.,复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如,someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing,。,Someone,is asking for you.,有人找你。,Nothing,is found in the room.,在屋子里什么也没找到。,6.,某些名词如,clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses,等,通常只用其复数形式,但当它们被,a pair of,修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如,:,The,pair,of shoes is worn out.,这双鞋破了。,The,shoes,are worn out.,鞋子破了。,某些名词以,s,结尾如,maths,politics,physics,news,plastics,等,谓语动词应用单数。,Physics,is a very interesting subject.,物理是一门很有趣的学科。,8.every.and every.;each.and each.;no.and no.,在以上短 语中,and,连接的单数名词,整个短语 在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。,Each,man and,each,woman is asked to attend.,Every boy and every girl,in the class is diligent.,班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。,No sound and no voice,is heard.,听不到任何声音。,9.,以,a number of,作主语时,谓语动词用复数,;,以,the number of,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,A number of,new books,are,on the desk.,The number of,students in you class,is,50.,10.,有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有,:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,等。,Not,every means,is useful.,不是每种方法都好使。,Not,all means,are useful.,不是所有的方法都好使。,11.many a,more than one,one and a half,与单数名词组成的短语,谓语用单数。,Many a boy,has seen it.,许多孩子都看到了。,12.,书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。,Thirty years,is not a long time.,Roots,is a famous American novel.,1.this kind of book=a book of this kind(,这种书,),其谓语用单数,;,短语,this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(,口语,)(,这一类人,),但,this kind of men,的谓语用单数,men of this kind,和,these kind of men,的谓语用复数,all kinds of,后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。例如：,应该注意的几个问题,:,This kind of men,is,dangerous.,Men of this kind,are,dangerous.,2.,在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如,:,Between the two windows,hangs,a picture.,3.“,分数或百分数,+,名词”构成的短语以及由“,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+,名词,”,构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中,of,后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如,:,Lots of damage,was,caused by fire.,About three-fourths of the earths surface,is,covered with water.,Three-fifths of the workers here,are,women.,和这种情况类似的还有“,a number of+,名词复数”。但是,“the number of+,名词”的中心词却是,number,。试比较：,A number of students,have gone,to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.,The number of pa