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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2012/11/5,#,第十四章,汉英语篇比较与翻译,第一节 衔接的翻译,第二,节 连贯的翻译,第一节 衔接的翻译,衔接（,Cohesion,）也称词语连接，是将语句聚合在一起的语法及词汇手段的统称，是指一段话中几个部分语法或词汇方面存在联系。这种联系可能存在于段落或句子之间，也可能存在于一个句子的几个部分之间。衔接是语篇表层的可见现象，或“有形网络”。从语篇生成的过程看，衔接是组句成篇必不可少的条件；从业已生成的语篇来看，衔接是语篇的重要特征之一。,例句,离车库还有三四米，,车库,门就像认识主人似的自动掀起,when it was three or four meters away from the garage,its,door automatically opened as if it recognized its own master.,1,汉语中的原词复现,VS.,英语中的人称替代,黛玉,磕着瓜子，只管抿着嘴笑。可巧,黛玉,的丫鬟雪雁来给,黛玉,送小手炉,Daiyu had been smiling rather cryptically as she cracked melon-seeds.Now,her,maid Hsueh-yen brought in,her,litter hand-stove.,练习,星期六看了一个电影，,电影,名叫,2012,。,I saw a film lasts Saturday,，,Its,title was 2012.,老金奔过去看见一只鸟，他把,鸟,小心翼翼装进笼子,Lao Jin hastened over and found a bird,he placed,it,into a cage with much care,.,例子,他,喝了一口凉水，然后拿着（,他的,）三十,五,块,很,亮的现洋。,He had a deep drink of cold water,then,taking,his,thirty-five,bright,shiny,dollars.,2,汉语中物主代词的省略,VS.,英语中物主代词的补足,他把,（他的）,双手插进,（他的）,口袋，然后耸了耸,（他的）,肩。,He put,his,hands in,his,pockets and then shrugged,his,shoulders.,练习,我,在,（我的）,书包里找到了,(,我的,),钢笔。,I found,my,pen in,my,bag.,例子,朋友雨点不好意思地解释说，他买这座大房子时，孩子们还在上着学，如今（,他们,）都成家立业了,My friend looked somewhat ill at ease when he told me this:At the time when he bought this big house,his children had all been at school.Now they had,their,own homes and jobs.,3,汉语的零前指,VS.,英语代词的补足,解净收起图说：“大家出车吧，下午休息的时候再看（,它,），就贴在这里,Xie Jing folded up the diagram and said,Now get moving.Ill paste this up here and you can have a look at,it,during the midday break.”,4.,汉语中主观化的代词使用,vs.,英语中相对客观的代词使用,“,this/that,”与“这,/,那”使用频率上的差异从使用频率上,看,，,在,英语语篇中“,that,”的使用频率高于“,this,”。,见,表,1,。,汉,语语篇中“这”的使用频率高于“那,”,。,见,表,2,表,1 that,和,this,的使用频率情况,在总的语料中,频率位次,在小说文体的语科中,频率位次,That,7,15,This,22,41,表,2,“这”、“那”及其组合词的使用情况,频率位次,绝对使用频率,单词,组合词,这,12,2845,1538,那,27,1398,491,生存还是死亡，,这,是个问题。,To be or not to be,：,that,is a question.,第二节连贯的翻译,连贯（,Coherence),，是指以信息发出者和接受者双方共同了解的情景为基础，通过逻辑推理来达到语义的连贯。连贯是词语、分句、句子、句群在概念、逻辑上合理。恰当地连为一体的语篇特征。,1.,连贯不当,蜜蜂这物件，最爱劳动。广东天气好，花又多，蜜蜂一年四季都不闲着。酿的蜜多，自己吃的可有限。每回割蜜，给它们留一点点糖，够它们吃的就行了。它们从来不争。也不计较什么，还是继续劳动、继续酿蜜，整日整月不辞劳苦,【,译文,1】The bees are industrious,while,our province has good weather and plenty of flowers.They work the whole year round,and,eat only a fraction of the honey produce.Each time we extract it we leave them a little sugar.They never argue or complain,just go on producing honey day after day.,【,译文,2】The bees are industrious.They work the whole year round,since,our province has good weather and plenty of flowers.,Though,they produce much honey,they eat only a fraction of it.Each time we extract it we leave them a little sugar.They never argue or complain,just go on producing honey day after day.,练,习,忙到除夕夜才松口气。全家团圆，坐下来吃“年夜饭”。,All,the preparations are not completed until the,New year,Eve,when,all the,family,members sit down around the table to enjoy the,“,New,year,s,Eve dinner,”,.,2.,逻辑重组,白,杨树不是平凡的树。它在西北及普遍，不被人重视，就跟北方的农民相似；它有极强的生命力，折磨不了，压迫不倒。也跟北方的农民相似。,White poplars are no ordinary trees.,But,these common trees in Northwest China are as much ignored as our peasants in the North.,However,like our peasants in the North,they are bursting with vitality and capable of surviving any hardship or oppression.,为了逃避那一双双熟悉的眼睛，释放后经纪人介绍他来到湖南南县一家木器厂做临时工。,In order to avoid those familiar eyes,he didnt return to his hometown,after release,but found an job in a furniture factory in N,anxian,Country,Hunan,Province,through,introduction.,现在，他正衔着旱烟管，扒在洞窟随手捡翻。他当然看不懂这些东西，只觉得事情有点蹊跷。,为何正好我在这儿时墙壁裂了缝呢？或许是神对我的酬劳。趁下次到县城，捡几个经卷给县长看看，顺便说说这桩奇事。,With a pipe in his,mouth,Taoist,Wang jumbled through his new discoveries in the,cave.Of course,he,didnt know their,value.He,just felt it,strange,thinking,to,himself,Why,did the wall break while I was,here?It,might be a reward for me from,Heaven.Nest,time,I go,to the county,town,Ill,show some of these to the county magistrate and tell him about this strange event.”,3,叙述思路的转换,“根生从来没跟他的老婆吵过架！我知道一定有别的事情,!,一定有别的事！,”,阿李严肃地说。他现在纳闷的样子，因为他不知道这别的事情究竟是什么事情,。,“Gensheng never quarrels with his,wife.It,must be something,else.Im sure,I,said,gravely.He,was,puzzled.,What,could it be,?,谢,谢,
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