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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,English Rhetoric,Figures of Emphasis,Figures of Emphasis,27. Climax,渐进,28. Anticlimax,渐降,27.,Climax,渐进、递进,( SeeP.78),Definition: Climax, as a figure of speech, is derived from the Greek word for,“,ladder,”,and implies the progression of,Continued,thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly.,Continued,The successful construction of this device depends much on the character of the thought itself as well as a good command of vocabulary.,Continued,The right words must be chosen to convey the thought in an ascending order of force and intensify,from weak to strong, from light to weighty.,Climax,Climax is widely employed by speakers and writers, and in persuasive speech or,writing, it is extremely effective in stirring up feelings and emotions, or in driving home a point.,The following are well-known examples:,(1) I came, I saw, I conquered. (Veni, Vidi, Vici: Latin, pronounced: vini, vidi, viki, meaning I came, I saw, I conquered.),我来了，我看见了， 我征服了。,Examples,(2)Some books are to be,tasted,others to be,swallowed, and some few to be,chewed and digested,.,- Francis Bacon,-,有些书浅尝辄止，,另一些书却要囫囵吞下，,只有少数的书值得咀嚼和消化。,Examples,(3),Reading maketh a full man;,conference a ready man;,and writing an exact man.,(Francis Bacon:,“,Of Studies,”,),阅读使人充实；,交谈使人敏捷；,写作使人精确。,Examples,(4)I am sorry, I am so very sorry, I am so extremely sorry.,我抱歉， 我很抱歉，我十分抱歉。,Examples,(5)But in a larger sense,we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow,this ground. The brave man, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract,( Abraham Lincoln:,“,Gettysburg Address,”,),Examples,-,但是从更深意义上讲， 我们不能奉献， 不能献祭,更不能使这块土地成为圣地。 一切曾经在这里战斗过的人们， 不论生者死者， 他们所做出的奉献之大， 远不是我们所能妄加损益的。,Examples,(6) Lincoln recognized worth in the common people; he,loved,the common people; he,fought for,the common people; and,he died for,the common people.,Examples,(7) Seven years, my Lord, have now past,during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficulties, of which it is useless to complain,Continued,and have brought it, at last, to the verge of publication, without,one act of assistance,one word of encouragement, or one smile of favor,.,Continued (see P232),The notice which you have been pleased to take of my labor, had it been early, had been kind; but it has been delayed,till I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it;,till I am solitary, and cannot impart it;,till I am known, and do not want it.,Translation,阁下，迄今已逾七载，在此期间， 我奋力工作，备尝艰辛，毋庸申诉； 终于，此书问世，指日可待； 而我从未得过你,一举赞助， 一语之鼓励， 一笑之嘉奖。,现承蒙阁下不弃，居然关注我的工作， 若其早点，则确不失为善意； 可惜晚矣，,我已无动于衷， 不能消受； 我已孤独一身，无人分享；我已功成名就， 无需垂顾。,28. Anticlimax,渐降,See P80,Anticlimax,，,as the name implies, is,the opposite of climax,and is a device that involves stating ones thoughts,in a descending order of significance,or intensity, from,strong,to,weak,form,weighty,to l,igh,t or frivolous/unimportance.,Anticlimax,渐降,It is often used to ridicule or satirize. The device is based on the,principle that,the lower,the thought,decreases in importance,the higher,the force of the ridicule or satire.,Continued,The effect can range from humorous to devastating.,The following examples show how it achieves its effect:,See P.80 -82,Examples,（,1,）,The big fish eat the little ones, the little ones eat shrimps, and the shrimps are forced to eat mud.,大鱼吃小鱼， 小鱼吃虾米， 虾米吃污泥。,Examples,(2) How those I love my death lament?,Poor,Pope,would grieve a month, and,Gay,a week, and,Arbuthnot,a day,The rest,will give a shrug, and cry,“,I,m sorry-but we all must die!,”,Translation,我爱的那些人在我死后如何哀悼？,可伶的,波普,会痛苦一个月，,盖伊,痛苦一周，,阿巴斯诺特,会痛苦一天，,其他人,只耸耸肩膀而长叹：,“,我很难过，不过我们都得死！,”,Examples,（,3,）,The duties of a soldier are to,protect his country and peel potatoes,.,士兵的职责是,保卫国家和削土豆皮。,(4) As a serious young man, I loved Beethoven, Keats, and hot dogs.,Examples,(5) There is nothing more exhilarating to a nature-lover,than an early morning walk on the foothills of Himalayas. It lifts his,spirit above material concerns and inspires in him noble thoughts.,It also makes him hungry,.,The difference between Climax and Anticlimax,Unlike climax, which needs at least,three “steps,”,up the ladder to achieve effect, anti-climax sometimes only,two “steps,”,down the ladder are taken to gain emphasis.,Point out climax and anti-climax in the following,1) He lost his empire,，,his family and his fountain pen.,-anticlimax,Continued,2) I became a tramp, begging my way from door to door, wandering over the United States and sweating bloody sweats in slums and prisons. (by Jack London),-climax,Continued,3) We had plenty of company in the way of wagon-loads and mule-loads of tourists- and the dust. (by Mark Twain),-anticlimax,Continued,4) The American, though he dresses like an Englishman,is not an Englishman,in his mind, in his aspirations, in his tastes, or in his politics.,-climax,Continued,5) Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for,its oyster,. (by Jacques Danvoir),-anticlimax,Continued,6) Look happy and beautiful! Let romance enter your life! Spray your hair with sheen/shine! (from an advertisement),-anticlimax,Homework,Get more examples of climax and anti-climax in your reading.,
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