《介词的用法》讲解

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,介词的用法,英语语法讲解,一、定义,介词preposition缩写prep.，又叫前置词，表示其后的名词或代词（或是相当于名词的其他短语或从句）与其他句子成分的关系。介词是一种,虚词,，,不能单独在句中作成分。,二、介词的用法,1、表示时间的（at、on、in、at、before,after、by、until、through、from、since、within）,(1),at,:用于表示时刻，时间的某一点。,at noon在午时 at night在夜间 at present目前,(2),on,:,用于星期，某天，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时，一律用),On Sunday在星期天 on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on March 8 在3月8日,(3),in,:,用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。,in 1999 在1999年 in November 在11月份,in summer 在夏季 in the afternoon在下午,过后(未来时间):,I think he will be back in an hour.我想他一小时后就会回来。,I heard that she would be back in a month.我听说她一个月 后回来的。,(4),before,：,在之前,Wei hua got up before 7 oclock this morning.今天早晨，魏华在7点之前起床了。,5),after,：,在之后,After that,no noe should ever kill a seagull,.从那时起，任何人不得捕杀海鸥。,(6),by,：,在前(时间)，截止(到),By the time I arrived,she had already gone.,在我到达之前，她已经走了。,(,7)for：,达之久(表示过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时，过去时，将来时连用，但是经常和完成时连用。,Florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest.,弗洛沦斯常常工作24小时而不休息。,（8）,during：,在期间,During the lifetime of one man,North America and Europe will more further apart by nearly two metres.,在一个人的一生期间，北美洲和欧洲由于漂移，其间的距离将要增加差不多两米。,(9）,through,：,一直(从开始到结束),He,who led the United States through these years,was shot on April 14,1865,at a theater in Washington,领导美国度过了这些年代的他，于1865年4月14日在美国华盛顿一家戏院里被人枪杀。,(10）,from,：,从起(时间),The worders were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening.工人们被迫从早7点工作到晚7点。,(11）,since,：,自从以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续),Since that time,my eyes had never been very good.从那时起，我的眼睛一直不是很好。,(,12)within:,不超过的范围,He will arrive within an hour.他一小时内就人到。,2、,表示地点,（at、in、on、under、over、above、below、near、by、between、among、around、around、in front of、behind、in、into、out of、along、across、,through、to、for、from),(1),at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所),at school上学 at home在家 at 320 Xinfu District 在新抚区320号at the station 在火车站,(,2)in:,在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所),She will arrive in Shanghai at ten.10点她将到达上海。,(3)表示地点方向的on,under,over,above,below,on:在上面，有接触面,on the table 在桌子上面,above:在上方,Sometimes Juliana could hear planes above the trees.,有时朱莉安娜能听到树林上空的飞机声。,over:在正上方，是under的反义词,Over these tombs,they built pyramids.在这些坟墓上，他们建起了金字塔。,under：在下面，在之内,The twin sisters put the basket under the tree.这姐俩把篮子放到了树下。,below：在下方，(不一定是正下方),Three thousand metres below her,she could see nothing except the thick jungle.,3000米以下，除了茂密的丛林之外，她什么也看不见。,(4)near,by,near:近的，不远的(=not far)是的反义词,near还可以指时间，in the near future在不远的将来。,Greens lake was a small lake near his home.格林湖是他家附近的一个小湖。,by:在旁边，比的距离要近,Juliana walked by the side of the river for six more long days.,朱莉安娜沿着河岸又走了足足6天。,(5)between,among,around,between:在两者之间,The differences between American English and British English are not very great.美国英语和英国英语之间的差别不是很大。,among:在三者或者更多的之中,There are some American students among us.在我们中间有几个美国学校。,around:环绕，在.的周围，在的四周,They arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it.他们到达了四周有高山环绕的山谷,(6)in front of,behind,in front of:在的前面,There is a car in front of the house.房子前面有一辆小汽车。,behind:在.后边:Are there any cows behind the house?房子后面有一些牛吗？,(7)in,into,out of,in:在.之内，用于表示静止的位置,There are four girls in the room.房间里有4个女孩。,into:进入,用于表示有特定终点的运动方向，通常用于表示动作的动作之后。,如:come,go,walk,jump,run.,She took me from the hall into my classroom.她把我从门厅带进我的教室里边去。,(8)along,across,through,along:沿着,Go along Zhongshan Road and turn right at the second crossing.,沿着中山路走然后在第二个十这路口向右拐。,across:横过(平面物体),Very slowly,the continents are moving across the face of the world.,各个洲在地球表面缓缓漂移。,through:贯通，通过,The students walked through the gate with Uncle Wang.,学生们随着王叔叔通过大门。,(9)to,for,from,到达地点(目的地)或方向,Wheres Jack?He has gone to London.杰克上哪了？他去伦敦了。,for：表示目的，为了,Do you know what he comes here for?你知道他为什么来这儿吗？,from：从地点起,How far is it from London to New York?从伦敦到纽约有多远？,3、表示手段和材料的介词用法,1）with,和在一起,These plates keep moving,like great ships,carrying the continents with them.,这些板块载着各个大陆，像航船一样不断地漂移。,具有，带有,A person with good manners is always kind and polite.,有礼貌的人总是和和气气，彬彬有礼的。,用某种工具或方法,He could swim with some special swimming shoes.,穿着一些特制的游泳鞋，他能游泳。,(2）,in:表示用什么材料(例如：墨水，铅笔等)或用什么语言。表示衣着，声调特点时，不用with而用in。,Whats this in English.这个用英语怎么说？,(3）by:通过方法，手段,What do you mean by the word“island”？“island”是什么意思,I prefer traveling by train.我更喜欢乘火车旅行。,4、其他,(1）of,from,of 属于)的，表示.的数量或种类,It was beginning of the term.这是学期开始的时候。,from:来自(某地，某人)，以.起始,She is a lady from Canada.她是一位加拿大的女士。,(2)without,like,as,without:没有，是with的反义词,She often worked for twenty-four without rest.她通常工作24小时而不休息。,like:像一样,Like many children of her age,Ding Fang is a Young Pioneer.,像很多同龄的孩子一样同，丁芳是个少先队员。,as:作为,They are carrying us as passengers.它们把我们当作乘客运载着。,(3)against:反对。靠着,Everyone tried to fight against the locusts.所有的人奋力扑打蝗虫。,(4)about:,关于，各处，四周,Nightingale wrote a book about nursing.南丁格尔写了一部关于护理方面的书。,询问某人，某物的情况或提出建议,What about your family?你家里人怎么样？,口诀1:,年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。,遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。,要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。,午夜黄昏用at，黎明用它也不借。,at也在时分前，说“差”用to，说“过”要用past。,口诀2:,in在里，out在外，,在旁边的是beside，靠近的为by。,on在上，under在下，,above在上头，below在底下。,口诀3:,this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。,接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。,over、under正上下，above、below则不然，,若与数量词连