高中英语单项填解空题指导

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,如何在语境下做好单选题,单项选择题解题指导,考查在特定语境下语言知识的运用能力,即知识 能力。,语法和语言知识点,在语境中对语言意义的领悟、判断与运用能力,高考英语单项选择题命题趋势:,对考生要求:,语境应是事情发生的环境，背景，来龙去脉以及前后关系,应是语义、语法及语言运用的特定环境的结合。,何为“语境(context)”？,If you agree,write“Yes”;if you,dissent,write“No”.,dissent,如何在语境下做好单选题,一.认真分析语境,把握上下文所体现出的,交际因素,在特定的语境下得体的运用英语口语,做好情景对话题,.,No,Im afraid he isnt in.This is his secretary speaking.Can I help you?(2004 广东),-_.,A.Oh,you will.B.Oh,thats a pity.,C.I should think so.,D.Well,I look forward to hearing from you.,解析 第二人应针对第一个人最后说的是Can I help you?做出反应.所以回答应是I should think so.Should在此表示一种委婉的语气.注意不能误选B。,C.I should think so.,2.Hello,may I have an appointment with the doctor?,-_.,A.Sorry,he is busy at the moment.,B.Why didnt you call earlier?,C.Certainly.May I know your name?,D.Sorry,he isnt in.,解析本题应注意抓住语境中的关键信息,即 have an appointment with the doctor,而并不是想见医生,所以不能误选 A或D。,C.Certainly.May I know your name?,3.-Do you mind if I open the window?,-_.I feel a bit cold.(2004广东),A.Of course not.B.Id rather you didnt.,C.Go ahead D.Why not.,解析本题要注意Do you mind if的回答方式.A、C、D都是表示同意对方提议，而I feel a bit cold暗示答话人不同意开窗。,B.Id rather you didnt.,4.Im thinking of the test tomorrow.Im afraid I cant pass this time.,-_!Im sure youll make it.(2006 天津),A.Go aheadB.Good luck,C.No problemD.Cheer up,解析 注意应针对第一人所说的Im afraid I cant pass this time而作出反应,所以应用Cheer up(高兴一点).而AB均答非所问,no problem:“没问题”,有些接近中文式的表达。,D.Cheer up,Key:,英汉两种语言在表达上存在很大的差异，平时应注意对二者进行,分析、比较,，而不是用汉语的习惯思维方式去认识和解决英语中的一些问题。要求我们不仅要具备牢固的基础知识，更要有应变能力,在做题时要认真分析语境,充分理解试题题干内涵，,避免答非所问，,切记要,撇弃中文思维模式,，注重文化差异,。,二.仔细推敲揣摩上下文语境中所隐含的,时间因素,做好,时态、非谓语动词及情态动词,的相关单选题,。,1.Now that she is out of a job,Lucy _ going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.(2004 北京),A.had considered B.has been considering,C.considered D.is going to consider,解析根据句中出现的she hasnt decided yet可知说话者在说现在的情况,且根据还没决定这种情况推出现仍在考虑,强调动作还未完成,所以用现在完成进行时.,B.has been considering,2.-Sorry to interrupt you.Please go on.,-Where was I?,-You _ you didnt like your fathers job.(2004北京),A.had said B.said,C.were sayingD.had been saying,解析根据语境,可知第二个人告知:当我打断你讲话的时候，你正在讲“不喜欢你爸爸的工作”,表示过去某一时刻正发生的动作或存在的状态，用过去进行式。,C.were saying,3.John,a friend of mine got married and spent$3,000 more than he _ for the wedding.(2006全国II),A.will planB.has planned,C.would planD.had planned,解析句中的married和spent用的是过去时态,原计划应是过去的过去,所以用过去完成时。,D.had planned,4.Robert is said_ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.(1999 全国卷),A.to have studied B.to study,C.to be studying D.to have been studying,解析根据what country he,studied,in的语境信息，可知“Robert出国学习发生在过去”，唯A 项动词不定式的完成式正确,。,A.to have studied,解析 根据语境可知经理表明不同意应在left之前,A 用非限制定语从句虽合适,但其完成时态和其后的left时态搭配不当,D 的making 应表示与left动作同时发生,所以选用分词的完成形式。,5.The manager,_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us,left the meeting room.(2005 江西),A.who has madeB.having made,C.madeD.making,B.having made,6.Is Bob still performing?,-Im afraid not.He is said _ the stage as he has become an official.(2005 江苏),A.to have leftB.to leave,C.to have been leftD.to be left,解析根据前面语境中提到的“他现在不再表演了”和后面的“他已成为一个公务员”,可知他已经离开了舞台,所以用不定式的完成时。,A.to have left,7.Catherine,I have cleaned the room for you.,-Thanks.You _it.I could manage it myself.(2005福建),A.neednt doB.neednt have done,C.mustnt doD.shouldnt have done,解析根据语境可知,Catherine 为对方打扫了房间而表示感谢并提出对方本不必为其打扫.很显然打扫房间是过去所为,表达“过去不必做某事”,用B。,B.neednt have done,Key:,搜索句中相关的时间信息,确定上下文说的是什么时候的事情或情况。,确定动词处于什么状态,是完成了,还是未完成。,确定动词与主语的关系,是主动还是被动。,三.抓住语境中的,有效信息,，通过对比、比较、推理、判断等方法，以及对事物、行为发展进程合乎逻辑的想象,准确做好,短语、词类等的语义辩析题,。,解析 容易抓住空格前面的got而选择C：get lost(迷路),实际上get done此处可换成be done。根据语境：当我们加入人群时，我和我的朋友分开了,而不是迷路,所以只能选A。,1.As we joined the big crowd,I got _ from my friends.(NMET2001),A.separated B.spared,C.lost D.missed,A.separated,2.The environmentalists said wild goats _ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.(2004上海),A.escapeB.absence,C.attendanceD.appearance,解析 答案B在没有抓住所有信息时,很容易错选。但是根据后面的a good indication of the better environment 信息，从其逻辑关系入手进行判断，D是唯一正确的答案。,D.appearance,3.My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _ it.,A.in favor ofB.in memory of,C.in honor ofD.in search of,解析根据while所表示的对比关系,可知我妹妹反对我的计划,而我的各个必定是赞成.in favor of 赞成;in memory of纪念;in honor of为向表示敬意;in search of 寻找。,A.in favor of,4.It is said that dogs will keep you _ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.,A.safety B.companyC.houseD.friend,解析注意不能错选成A或C.根据后面的时间状语when you are feeling lonely可判断出you需要陪伴.Keep pany和人做伴。,B.company,5.Progress so far has been very good._,we are sure that the project will be completed on time.(2006 浙江),A.HoweverB.Otherwise,C.ThereforeD.Besides,解析从前面的语境“目前为止,一切进展正常”,到后面的“我确信工程会按时完成”,应是一种因果关系,所以选择therefore。,C.Therefore,6.All the people _ at the party were his supporters.,A.presentB.thankful,C.interestedD.important,解析 present此处作形容词,意思是“在场的”,常作后置定语.根据上下文语境,本句意思为“参加聚会的人都是他的支持者”。,A.present,Key:,在做词义辨析的题目中,考生不仅要加强对词义和用法的记忆,而且要结合语境,在运用中领悟词义;既要记汉语释义,又要了解英语释义.需要把握语言的特定环境对题干准确理解，使词汇和短语的辩析突出语言的交际性原则。,语境设题常设有一些干扰项,设计巧妙而且迷惑性强,在做语境单选题时,要注意以下几个方面的干扰。,一.固定结构的干扰,二.意义理解及中文表达的干扰,三.省略的干扰,1.I will spend a whole evening _ in your