高三语法总复习分词

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,高三语法总复习,分词,分词要点,分词的形式,现在分词与过去分词的区别,分词的句法功能: 表语、补语、定语、状语,分词的形式,形式,主动,被动,一般式,完成式,现在分词,doing,Being done,Doing/being done,Having done/having being done,过去分词,done,done,否定形式,Not doing,Not being done,/not done,Not doing,Not having done/ not having been done,现在分词和过去分词的区别,现在分词：,主动 进行,The,news,is,exciting,.,The,boy,coming,with us is Li Hua.,I saw,him,talking,with a foreigner.,Being,tired, the,boy,soon fell asleep .,过去分词：,被动 完成,I,m,excited,at the news.,The,boy,introduced,to us is Li Hua.,Ive never heard,the song,sung,before.,Born,into a poor family,he,had only two years of school education.,现在分词和过去分词的区别,The,book,written,by him is good.,The,book,being written,by him is good.,The,book,to,be written,by him,is sure to be good.,（,区分标志：by；分词后有无作宾语的名词,）,The,boy,writing,a book,is good.,The,boy,having written,many books is good.,Being questioned,by a police officer at the moment,he,could not come to attend to you.,Questioned,by a police officer if he was the real owner of the car,he,felt quite depressed.,一、分词的句法功能,分词可以在句中作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。,二、分词作表语的情况,现在分词作表语常表示主语的性质或所具有的特征，含有“令人”的意思；过去分词常表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到”的意思。,分词作表语的情况,The book is rather,boring,.,The day was so,charming,!,It feels,refreshing,to take a bath after work.,The door remained,locked,.,He looked quite,disappointed,.,He is not,interested,in research work.,分词作表语的情况,Excite interest please,tire disappointsurprise,move encourage frighten,puzzle discourage,三、分词作定语的情况,现在分词作定语,现在分词作定语表示正在发生的动作或经常性的动作，而且是主动的。,The,sleeping,child,is my niece.,When we got to the,burning,building, it was too late.,They lived in a,house,facing,the south.,三、分词作定语的情况,过去分词作定语,过去分词作定语表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作或没有一定时间性的动作，通常是被动的。,I have his,written,promise,.,They are,problems,left,over by history.,He is a,man,loved,by all.,三、分词作定语的情况,3.分词作定语的,位置,单个的分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰词的前面；如果是分词短语，则放在所修饰词的后面。,It is the most exciting news.,We met a group of children returning from school.,There appeared a woman dressed in green,.,三、分词作定语的情况,4.,注意,：,a,developing/developed country,fallen/falling leaves,boiling/boiled water,the book lying on the table,the story happened yesterday is terrible. (that),the school built (being built, to be built),a puzzling question/puzzled mother,the surprised voice/expression/look,a man seated there/ a girl dressed in red,四、分词作状语的情况,现在分词作状语通常表示,主语的另一个动作,，,与句子主语之间是主动关系,，通常表示一个与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生的动作。可以作伴随、时间、原因或结果状语。,2.,过去分词作状语常表示,动作发生的背景或情况,，,与句子主语之间是被动关系,。可以作原因、时间及条件状语。,四、分词作状语的情况,方式、伴随、附加说明状语,I ran out of the room,shouting,.,He stood there for an hour,watching,the game.,Filled,for the moment with extraordinary strength, he raised himself completely.,He came in,followed,by his students.,常和as if连用,He stopped as if remembering something.,四、分词作状语的情况,时间状语,Hearing,the news, they jumped with joy.,Be careful when,crossing,the street.,Asked,if he could answer the question, he kept silent.,Seen,from the hill, the town looks beautiful.,when, while, once, until, unless+分词,四、分词作状语的情况,原因状语,Being,so poor in those days, they couldnt go to school.,Not knowing,her address, we couldnt get in touch with her.,Influenced,by his example, we did many good deeds.,四、分词作状语的情况,结果状语,Her husband died, leaving her with 5 kids.,They fired, killing one of our soldiers.,条件状语,Given more attention, these plants could have grown better.,Kept in the refrigerator, the milk will stay fresh for a week.,四、分词作状语的情况,如果现在分词表示的动作先于谓语动词发生，则用现在分词的完成式。,Having finished her work, she began to cook supper.,Not having heard from his father for a long time, he decided to call him.,四、分词作状语的情况,generally/frankly/strictly speaking, considering, judging by/ from, supposing, taking everything into account, 独立成分，用来解释整句话。当固定短语用。,Generally speaking, houses in America are bigger than houses in this country.,Judging from,your accent, you must be from Scotland.,Supposing,we lose, what should we do?,They had a heated discussion,concerning,certain linguistic problems.,四、分词作状语的情况,5 独立主格,构成 名（代） + 分词 （ 介短， 不定式，形或副） 也可 with + 名词 + 分词或其他,时间,The order given, we went out.,条件,Weather permitting, we will go.,原因,It being Sunday, we went out,.,There being no buses, we had to walk home.,伴随,Book in hand, they came in.,五、非谓语动词作宾语补足语,动词不定式作宾语补足语,在感官动词,see, watch, notice, hear, feel, find,等后面可以用不带,to,的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示一个已经完成的动作，与句子宾语之间是主动的关系。,五、非谓语动词作宾语补足语,现在分词作宾语补足语,在感官动词后面可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示一个正在发生的动作，与句子宾语之间是主动关系。,I felt something moving across my feet.,He heard someone knocking at the door.,五、非谓语动词作宾语补足语,过去分词作宾语补足语,过去分词作宾语补足语表示与句子宾语之间是被动的关系。,He watched the bed carried out of the room.,She once heard the song sung in Japanese.,五、非谓语动词作宾语补足语,I have the car repaired.,I have Tom repair the car.,I have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.,*I found Jane seated there.,*dress station,非谓语动词,Functions,Subject,主语,predicate谓语,Object宾语,Predictive 表语,Attribute 定语,Adverbial状语,Object,complement,宾语补足语,To do,X,Gerund- doing,X,X,X,doing,X,done,X,