英语翻译方法技巧介绍

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter 3Diction,吴宜涛 2013/3,CONTENTS,词义的选择,语境的作用,单词的翻译（英译汉）,Using the right word at the right time is rather like wearing appropriate clothing for the occasion: it is a courtesy to others, and a favor to yourselfa matter of presenting yourself well in the eyes of the world. ,The Right Word at the Right Time,词语的选择是指在翻译过程中，基于,对源语文本的精确理解,在目的语中选择恰当的词语或表达法，使之,符合译文语境,的表达需要。,要做到在翻译中能够准确选择精当的词语，必须把握以下两点：,正确看待翻译时所使用的词典。英汉两种语言的词义不仅仅是点的对应，也不仅仅是在一个平面上的线性交叉对应，而是成立体交叉对应关系。因此在翻译时，译者寻求的不只是词义的静态对应，而是要在这种立体交叉的词义关系中,寻求动态对应,。,要弄清英汉两种语言的差别。英语词汇所包含的意义往往具有游移性（vacillant）和灵活性（flexible），体现在,英语词汇的意义多依据各自的前后搭配和语境变化,。现代汉语词语的涵义范围比较狭窄，词义比较精确、固定，其伸缩性和对上下文的依赖性比较小。现代汉语里一词多义现象远没有英语那样普遍。,你的身材很美。,Your figure is beautiful. (,X,),You have a fair figure.,生活水平,standard of life (,X,),quality of life,严密控制,close control (,X,),strict/ rigid control,好票,good tickets (,X,),good seats,强硬政策,strong policy (,X,),tough policy,(1) There are over 2000,vagrants,in the city.,(2) There are over 2000,people with no fixed address,in the city.,(3) There are over 2000,homeless,in the city.,这三句话所指代的完全是同一群人，即它们具有相同的指示意义，但它们在读者心目中所引起的联想却不一样。第一句中的 “vagrant” 是 “无业游民”、“流浪者”之意。第三句中的 “homeless”是 “无家可归者”的意思。第一句因使用 “vagrant”而使得该句有了否定的内涵意义(negative connotation)，第三句因使用了 “homeless”使得该句有了肯定的内涵意义(positive connotation)。第二句使用了一个不偏不倚的表达方式 “people with no fixed address”，不带任何感情色彩，因此，该句具有中性的内涵意义(neutral connotation), 常用于法律文献中，以示法律的客观公正性。,语境的作用,During his visit to China this year, George Bush will meet his,counterpart,and discuss the Sino-US relations of the future.,在今年来中国访问期间，乔治,布什将会见胡锦涛主席并就中美未来的关系进行讨论。,我们对这件,事,当然有发言权。,Of course we have a say in the,matter,.,真是,想不到的事,。,What a,surprise,!,这绝不是轻而易举的,事,。,Its by no means an easy,job,.,这不是,开玩笑的事儿,。,This is no,joke,.,这本新书的出版是今年文化界的,大事,。,The new book was the cultural,event,of the year.,各族人民的代表共聚一堂，商讨国家,大事,。,Representatives from different nationalities gather in the same hall to discuss,affairs,of the state.,High,:,high commander,高级指挥员,high limit,最大限度,high wind,劲风,high life,上流生活,high spirit,高昂的情绪,high tea,午后茶,high explosive,烈性炸药,Sophisticated,: sophisticated man,老于世故的人,sophisticated columnist,老练的专栏作家,sophisticated novel,思想内容深奥的小说,sophisticated device,先进的装置,sophisticated weapon,尖端武器,sophisticated medicine,成分复杂的药,sophisticated oil,掺假的油,His plane,developed,engine trouble only seven miles after take-off.,他的飞机在起飞后只飞行了七英里就,发生了,机械故障。,As young Goddard grew into manhood, he,developed,tuberculosis.,年轻的戈达德长大成人时,患上了,结核病。,It is believed that before writing was,developed, people in China used to keep records by putting a number of stones together.,人们认为，在,出现,书写之前，中国人常把石头放在一起来记事。,A hypothesis is a specific statement,developed,by a scientist from observations.,一个假设是由科学家经过大量观察而,得出,的具体结论。,As early as his second film, Chaplin had,developed,his own manner of acting the one that was to become world famous.,早在演第二部电影时，卓别林就已,形成了,自己的表演风格，这就是他后来闻名于世的那种表演风格。,Inspired by these ideas, in 1752, Franklin,developed,a practical lightning rod.,由于受到这些思想的激发，弗兰克林于1752年,发明了,很实用的避雷针。,You cannot,build,a ship, a bridge or a house if you dont know how to make a design or how to read it.,build: to make (one or more things) by putting pieces together 建筑，建造，修建；营造,不会制图或看不懂图纸，就不可能,造,船、,架,桥或,盖,房子。,英语中一个动词build可以很协调地同它的三个宾语a ship, a bridge or a house搭配，而汉语中却没有一个共用的动词可以很地道、很通顺地同这三个宾语进行搭配,The home of your dreams,awaits,you behind this door. Whether your taste,be,a country,manor estate,or a penthouse in the sky, you will find the following pages filled with the worlds most,elegant residences,. （英语广告）,打开门，,恭候,着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您,企盼,的是一座乡间,宅第,，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最,高雅的住宅,供您选择。,该广告中使用的await, be, manor estate, elegant, residence均属正式语汇，代替了口语体的wait, is, house, nice, place。该广告制作人选择文雅用词用意深刻：一方面能烘托出该种商品的高贵品质，另一方面又能满足这类商品消费者讲究身份、追求上乘的心理需求。在译文中，所列文雅用词分别以“恭候”、“企盼”、“宅第”、“高雅的住宅”译出，在语体色彩方面与原文基本对应。,单词的翻译,四种的情况,：,已知无疑：遇到的单词是自己知道的，而且把自己知道的译法用在当前句子中很合适。,已知有疑,：遇到的单词是自己知道的，但是使用已知译法感觉有点不大对。,未知已有：遇到的单词是自己不知道的，但是一查就找到了，有比较现成的答案。,未知未有：遇到的单词是自己不知道的，而且通过一般查找仍然无法得到满意的答案。,We need to consider the,economics,of climate change.,economics “经济学”？,“我们需要考虑气候变化的经济学”？,四步法：,疑、查、定、表,疑,：所选单词放到译文中是合适的，句子通顺、意思清楚、前后连贯。否则，不要放过疑问。,查,：要想达到单词无错翻译的目标必须查看英英解释。（英汉两种语言的词汇之间并非一一对应）,We need to consider the,economics,of climate change.,定,“定”，即“定夺”，即确定在若干释义中哪一个适用于本句。,1、We need to consider,the social science,of climate change.,2、We need to consider,the economic matters,of climate change.,定：2, “经济事宜”。,表,“表”，即“表述”。确定了合适意思之后就可以考虑如何用中文来表述。,We need to consider the,economics,of climate change.,我们需要考虑气候变化的经济层面。,We are enclosing a cheque as,consideration,in accordance with our agreement last year.,常见译法,：考虑,疑,：“以支票作为考虑”？,“根据我们去年的协议，我们附上支票一张作为考虑。”？,查,：,定,：把查到的释义放到句子中,We are enclosing a cheque as,payment given in exchange for a service rendered,in accordance with our agreement last year.,表,：,We are enclosing a cheque as,consideration,in accordance with our agreement last year.,根据我们去年的协议，我们附上支票一张作为,报酬,。,Mediation is a process of dispute resolution that allows the parties involved to negotiate a mutually acceptable settlement,without prejudice,.,常见译法,：偏见、歧视,疑,：“调解是一种争议解决程序，可以让各方能够以不带偏见的方式谈判，达成双方都可以接受的解决方案。” ？,查,：,定,：Mediation is a process of dispute resolution that allows the parties involved to negotiate a mutually acceptable settlement,without dismissing a legal interest or demand,.,感觉通顺，可以认定所选释义正确。,表,：,Mediation is a process of dispute resolution that allows the parties involved to negotiate a mutually acceptable settlement,without prejudice,.,调解是一种争议解决程序，可以让各方能够在,没有放弃权利,的情况下谈判，达成双方都可以接受的解决方案。,Homework 1,What I despised him was his,drinking,gambling, and,cursing,.,我看不起他，因为他,嗜酒,、,好赌,，,说脏话,。,英汉语言词类优势不同,The,maintenance,of the existence of some rare animals has recently claimed world-wide attention.,保护,某些稀有动物的生存，近来已引起了世界范围的广泛注意。,They sat talking, for two and three hours, as Smith spilled out his fear and,frustrations,and Conley alternatively played the roles of,friend,protector,and,confidant,.,他们坐着一谈就是两三个钟头，史密斯倾吐了自己内心的害怕、担忧和,种种,失意，而康利则不时地,安慰,他，,鼓励,他，,开导,他。,Given goodwill on both sides, he was confident,a way out of the current impasse,would be found.,如果双方有善意的话，他相信可以找到一个办法,打破目前的僵局,。,Those who are in favor please hold up their hands.,赞成的请举手。,越来越多的老人接受了子孙们对于迪斯科舞和爵士音乐所表现出的日益浓厚的兴趣这个事实。,Among the old generation, there is a,growing acceptance,of the increasing interest that their children and grandchildren have shown in disco and jazz.,一个城市若,拥有,健康、快乐的市民，具有美丽、活泼的环境，充溢着和谐、友善、积极进取的气氛，那么这座城市必然是一个吸引游客和投资的成功地方。,A city,with,healthy, friendly and pleasant people, beautiful and dyniamic surroundings, and a harmonious and positive atmosphere, will be the city of success, attracting,tourists,as well as,investors,.,木材商的女儿爱伦,完成,了伦敦的学业，正在赶往回家的路上。汤姆和爱伦是童年的伙伴，所以今天他在路边等着爱伦马车的,到来,。爱伦,看到,汤姆非常高兴，不禁,想起,了童年的快乐时光。爱伦的,归来,给汤姆原本平淡无奇的生活平添了幸福和希望。,Ellen, the daughter of the timber merchant, is coming home after the,completion,of her education in London.,She and Tom were playmates when they were children, so today Tom waits by the roadside for the,arrival,of her carriage.,Ellen is overjoyed at the,sight,of Tom and happy,memories,of her childhood days come back to her mind.,The,return,of Ellen has brought Tom happiness and hope to the dull and uneventful life of Tom.,