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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2018/11/29,#,五、,Normal Curves of vertebral column,Cervical curvature,颈曲,convex forward,Thoracic curvature,胸曲,convex,backward,Lumbar curvature,腰曲,convex forward,Sacral curvature,骶曲,convex backward,General features of vertebrae,Vertebral body,椎体,Vertebral arch,椎弓,pedicle of vertebral arch,椎弓根,:,sup.and inf.Vertebral notch,椎上、下切迹,lamina of vertebral arch,椎弓板,process(7):,spinous process,棘突,transverse process,横突,sup.and inf.articular processes,上、下关节突,Vertebral foramen,椎孔,Vertebral canal,椎管,Intervertebral foramen,椎间孔,Lumbar vertebrae,Vertebrae Body,：,larger,kidney-shape,Vertebral foramen,:,larger and triangular,Spinous processes,:projects horizontally,Transverse processes,:,long,Articular processes,:sagittal,1.Joints of the vertebral bodies,椎体间的连结,Intervertebral discs,椎间盘,between bodies of adjacent vertebrae,composed of:,Nucleus pulpous,髓核,an inner soft,pulpy,highly elastic structure(gelatinous core),Annulus fibrosus,纤维环,an outer fibrous ring consisting of fibrocartilage,Hernia of nucleus pulpous,髓核脱出,dyxyy,Copyright duxinli,7,dyxyy,Copyright duxinli,8,dyxyy,Copyright duxinli,9,dyxyy,Copyright duxinli,10,dyxyy,Copyright duxinli,11,dyxyy,Copyright duxinli,12,2.Joints of the vertebral arches,椎弓间的连结,Ligamenta flava,黄韧带,elastic ligament,unite laminae of adjacent vertebrae,and complete the posterior wall of vertebral canal;tend to prevent hyperflexion of the vertebral column,Interspinal ligament,棘间韧带,Supraspinal ligament,棘上韧带,Ligamentum nuchae,项韧带,Intertansverse ligament,横突间韧带,Zygapophysial joint,关节突关节,dyxyy,Copyright duxinli,14,dyxyy,Copyright duxinli,15,椎 管 狭 窄,发生于椎管、侧隐窝和椎间孔。先天或后天性。颈10mm，腰11.5mm,CT：椎体后缘骨赘向椎管内突入。侧隐窝狭窄：椎间盘退变膨出和上下关节突肥大是其主要缘由，前后径2mm为狭窄，2-4mm为可疑。黄韧带或后纵韧带肥厚、骨化。椎体滑脱椎板峡部裂或椎间盘、韧带退变。,MRI：征象同CT,椎 间 盘 膨 出,dyxyy,Copyright duxinli,18,椎间盘突出（中心型）,dyxyy,Copyright duxinli,19,椎间盘膨出（较严峻，向后有突出）,椎间盘突出,dyxyy,Copyright duxinli,22,dyxyy,Copyright duxinli,23,
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