电力电子讲义Introduction1

Power,Electronics,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,电力电子技术,Power Electronics,Power,Electronics,Introduction,Outline,What is power electronics?,The history,Applications,About this course,What is power electronics?,Definition,Relation with information electronics,The interdisciplinary nature,Position and significance in the human society,Power Electronics,:,A more exact explanation,:,is the electronics applied to conversion and control of,electric power.,Range of power scale:,milliwatts(mW,)megawatts(MW),gigawatts(GW,),Definition,The primary task of power electronics is to process and,control the flow of electric energy by supplying voltages,and currents in a form that is optimally suited for user,loads.,信息电子技术,信息处理,电力电子技术,电力变换,电子技术一般即指信息电子技术，广义而言，也包括电力电子技术。,模拟电子技术,电子技术,信息电子技术,电力电子技术,数字电子技术,电力电子技术,使用电力电子器件对电能进行变换和控制的技术，即,应用于电力领域的电子技术。,目前电力电子器件均用半导体制成，故也称电力半导体器件。,电力电子技术变换的“电力”，可大到数百,MW,甚至,GW,，,也可小到数,W,甚至,mW,级。,1.1,电力电子与信息电子,Conversion of electric,power,Other names for electric,power converter:,-Power converter,-Converter,-Switching converter,-Power electronic circuit,-Power electronic converter,Electric,Power,Converter,Power,output,Power,input,Control input,Frequency,magnitude,number of phases,AC(Alternating Current),Magnitude,DC(Direct Current),Changeable properties in conversion,Two types of electric power,Classification of power converters,DC,AC,AC,AC to DC converter (Rectifier),AC to AC converter,(Fixed frequency:AC controller,Variable frequency:,Cycloconverter,or frequency converter),DC,DC to DC converter(Chopper),DC to AC converter,(Inverter),Power output,Power input,电力,交流和直流两种,从公用电网直接得到的是交流，从蓄电池和干电池得到的是直流。,电力变换四大类,交流变直流、直流变交流、直流变直流、交流变交流,表,1,电力变换的种类,进行电力变换的技术称为 变流技术。,逆变,直流斩波,直流,交流电力控制,变频、变相,整流,交流,交流,直流,输出,输入,1.2,两大分支,变流技术,The interdisciplinary nature,William E.Newells description,Electronics,Devices,circuits,Power,Static&rotating power equipment,Power,Electronics,Continuous,discrete,Control,Power electronics is the interface between,electronics and power.,电力电子学,(Power Electronics),名称,60,年代出现。,1974,年，美国的,W.Newell,用图,1,的倒三角形对电力电子学进行了描述，被全世界普遍接受。,电力,电子学,电子学,电力学,控制,制,连续、离散,电路、器件,静止器、旋转电机,图,1,描述电力电子学的倒三角形,1.3,与相关学科的关系,都分为,器件,和,应用,两大分支。,器件,的材料、工艺基本相同，采用微电子技术。,应用,的理论基础、分析方法、分析软件也基本相同。,信息电子电路的器件可工作在开关状态，也可工作在放大状态；,电力电子电路的器件一般只工作在开关状态。,二者同根同源。,与电子学（信息电子学）的关系,1.3,与相关学科的关系,1.3,与相关学科的关系,电力电子技术广泛用于电气工程中,高压直流输电静止无功补偿,电力机车牵引交直流电力传动,电解、电镀、电加热、高性能交直流电源,国内外均把电力电子技术归为电气工程的一个分支。,电力电子技术是电气工程学科中最为活跃的一个分支。,与电力学（电气工程）的关系,控制理论广泛用于电力电子系统中。,电力电子技术是弱电控制强电的技术，是弱电和强电的接口；,控制理论是这种接口的有力纽带。,电力电子装置是自动化技术的基础元件和 重要支撑技术。,与控制理论（自动化技术）的关系,1.3,与相关学科的关系,Relation with multiple disciplines,Power electronics is currently the most active,discipline in electric power engineering.,Power,electronics,Systems&,Control theory,Circuit,theory,Signal processing,Simulation&computing,Electronics,Solid state physics,Electromagnetics,Power systems,Electric machines,Position and significance in the human society,Electric power is used in almost every part and everywhere of modern human society.,Electric power is the major form of energy source used in modern human society.,The objective of power electronics is right on how to use electric power,and how to use it effectively and efficiently,and how to improve the quality and utilization of electric power.,Power electronics and information electronics make two poles of modern technology and human society:information electronics is the brain,and power electronics is the muscle.,The history,The thread of the power electronics history is the break-through and evolution of power electronic devices,late 1980s,mid 1970s,1957,1900,Mercury arc rectifier Vacuum-tube rectifier,Thyratron,Invention of,Thyristor,Power diode,Thyristor,Applica,t,ion of fast-switching fully-controlled semiconductor devices,GTO,GTR,Power MOSFET,Thyristor,(microprocessor),IGBT,Power MOSFET,Thyristor,(DSP),Pre-history,1st phase,2nd phase,3,rd phase,电力电子技术的发展史是以电力电子器件的发展史为纲的。,晶闸管,问世，,(“,公元元年”,),IGBT,及功率集成器件出现和发展时代,晶闸管时代,水银（汞弧）整流器时代,电子管问世,全控型器件迅速发展时期,史前期,（黎明期）,1904,1930,1947,1957,1970,1980,1990,2000,t(,年,),晶体管诞生,2,电力电子技术的发展史,Applications,Industrial,Transportation,Utility systems,Power supplies for all kinds of electronic equipment,Residential and home appliances,Space technology,Other applications,Industrial applications,Motor drives,Electrolysis,Electroplating,Induction heating,Welding,Arc furnaces and ovens,Lighting,Transportation applications,Trains&locomotives,Subways,Trolley buses,Magnetic levitation,Electric vehicles,Automotive electronics,Ship power systems,Aircraft power systems,Utility systems applications,High-voltage dc transmission(HVDC),Flexible ac transmission(FACTS),Static,var,compensation&harmonics suppression:TCR,TSC,SVG,APF,Custom power&power quality control,Supplemental energy sources:,wind,photovoltaic,fuel cells,Energy storage systems,HVDC,Power supplies for electronic equipment,Telecommunications,Computers,Office equipment,Electronic instruments,Portable or mobile electronics,server,computer,Telecommunication,Residentia