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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,A definition paragraph:,A paragraph in which we explain what a term means .,Unit 7,P148,Defining an idea / a term,概念定义,Dog? Panda?,A dictionary-based explanation,A stipulated explanation,a dictionary-based explanation,(sample1. what is anthropology?),a stipulated explanation,（sample 2. compassion）,Define in the way it is defined in a dictionary or encyclopedia,object ( lamp computer): define by features,showing in what specific context the word is used. (can be different to different people),movement incident concept (market economy,dementia power love human rights): follow the commonly accepted interpretation or judgment,organize the paragraph,Topic sentence,E.G. A,tornado,is a,violent,storm,with strong winds which move in a circle.,the term,Class or category,the features,Sample. Objection seen in the sky or landing on earth that cannot be identified and which are often believed to be vehicles from another planet are called UFOs (unidentified flying objects ),Term: UFO,Class: Flying object,Features: 1）Unidentified,2) Believed to be from another planet,Topic sentence of a definition paragraph includes:,1.The term to be defined,2.The class or category to which a thing belongs,3.The features that make it different from others,Exception,In a stipulated paragraph, this rule may not always be strictly followed.,Samples,1.True love is giving, not taking.,2. Friendship is a plant that must be often watered.,3. In developing countries,human rights first mean the right to a decent life: sufficient food and clothing plus a basic education,Sometimes a term can be defined in either of the two ways, and the topic sentence will thus be completely different.,(stipulated definition),(dictionary-based definition,),Compare the following sentences:,Happiness means to be able to help others.,Happiness is a feeling of contentment.,Supporting details,1.Additional information,a.,Physical features,: a concrete object- lookappearance, the smell, the taste.(table fruit, sample3: an animal: coyote),b.,Functions,: when describe terms like a machine or instrument, usually its functional features are more important than the physical appearance (education family,sample5: a building society),c.,Behavioral characteristics,: when describe an animal or a species of human being (sample3),d.,Symptoms,: for definition of disease,f.,Origins,: information of a words origin adds more interest to the definition (English words originated from Greek or Latin),e.,Details and examples,: when describe terms like organizations, systems or abstract ideas (trust hospitality), details or examples are necessary (sample5),2.Methods of development,a.,classification,: when a term can only be clearly defined by breaking down into small parts (sample1),Physical needs,Safety needs,Social needs,Esteem needs,Self-realization needs,b.,comparison/contrast,: to make the features of an item more impressing or striking,we can define it by means of comparison or contrast with other items that are similar or different. (chimpanzee ,-gorilla, smaller and less fierce than a gorilla),Eg. human need,c. negation(否定，对立面),Sometimes we can define a term by telling what it is not.,For instance, to define the word “happiness”, we may begin with “it is not having a big house; it is not holding a well-paid job.”,And we may finish the paragraph by pointing out “Happiness is to live together with the people you love.” (sample 2,7),
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