从不同的理论视角看业主维权运动

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,以不同的,理,理论视角,看,看业主维,权,权运动,何惠莹,Contents,后单位制,与,与利益集,团,团理论,业主维权,运,运动的背,景,景和原因,分,分析,市民社会,理,理论,业主维权,运,运动的组,织,织（业委,会,会的研究,）,）,社会运动,理,理论,业主维权,运,运动的动,员,员与策略,社区权力,结,结构与政,治,治机会结,构,构理论,业主维权,运,运动的限,制,制,1,4,3,2,后单位制,与,与利益集,团,团理论,业主维权,运,运动的背,景,景和原因,分,分析,业主维权,运,运动的背,景,景,BenjaminL.Read:“Democratizingtheneighborhood?Newprivatehousingandhome-owner self-organizationinurban China”(The ChinaJournal,2003),In manynewhousingcomplexes incitiesaround the country,particularlythoughnotexclusivelyin whatis called“commercial housing”,owners are banding togetherto insist ontheir righttohavea say in the managementofthese new neighborhood.,Thepolitical implications of housing reform:,后单位制,与,与利益集,团,团理论,业主维权,运,运动的背,景,景和原因,分,分析,Oneconsistent finding has beenthathome-ownerstend tobemorepoliticallyactivethannon-owners.They are more likely toparticipateboth inlocal politics,throughcommunity activismandneighborhoodorganizations,andin larger scalepoliticsthroughvoting.,业主维权,运,运动的深,层,层原因,利益集团,理,理论视角,后单位制,与,与利益集,团,团理论,业主维权,运,运动的背,景,景和原因,分,分析,张磊：,业主维权,运,运动：产,生,生原因及,动,动员机制,（载,社会学研,究,究,，,2005,）,在房地产,开,开发和物,业,业管理领,域,域，以开,发,发商和物,业,业公司为,主,主体，包,括,括房管小,区,区办、地,方,方法院和,街,街道办事,处,处等相关,政,政府部门,和,和官员在,内,内的，一,个,个具有分,利,利性质的,房,房地产商,利,利益集团,已,已经形成,。,。该集团,的,的强势地,位,位，使开,发,发商和物,业,业公司敢,于,于普遍而,广,广泛地侵,害,害广大业,主,主的合法,权,权益，这,正,正是业主,维,维权运动,兴,兴起的深,层,层次原因,。,。,市民社会,理,理论,业主维权,运,运动的组,织,织,市民社会,理,理论与社,区,区研究,关于公民,社,社会的定,义,义，归纳,起,起来主要,为,为两类：,两,两分法和,三,三分法,两分法,VS,三分法,国家,公民社会国家,经济,公民社会,公民社会指,：,：独立于,国,国家但又受,法,法律保护,介,介于国家和,家,家庭,或个人之间,的,的,的社会生活,领,领域,一,一个,社,社会相互作,用,用领域,侧重点：,政,政,治,治国家与公,民,民社会的分,离,离,经,经济,领,领域与公民,社,社会的分离,理论代表：,洛,洛,克,克学派和孟,德,德斯鸠学派,柯,柯亨,和,和阿雷托,黑格尔、马,克,克思等,怀,怀特、,哈,哈贝马斯等,市民社会的,特,特征,市民社会理,论,论,业主维权运,动,动的组织,1,私人领域,2,志愿性团体,被看作公民,社,社会的核心,要,要素,结构性特征,3,公共领域,介于私人领,域,域和公共权,威,威之间的领,域,域，它是各,种公众聚会,场,场所的总称,，,，公众在这,一,一领域对公,共,共权,威及其政策,和,和共同关心,的,的问题作出,评,评判。（哈,贝,贝马斯）,4,社会运动,文化特征：,关,关于公民社,会,会的基本价,值,值或原则，,包,包括个人主,义,义、多元主,义,义、公开性,和,和开放性、,参,参与性、法,治,治原则,业委会,中国市民社,会,会的先声,与公共空间,的,的社会基础,市民社会理,论,论,业主维权运,动,动的组织,夏建中：,中国公民社,会,会的先声,以业主委员,会,会为例,（载,文史哲,，,2003,）,业委会从产,生,生方式到民,主,主程序的运,作,作，充分体,现,现了在民主,基,基础上，业,主,主们进行自,治,治管理的精,神,神。业主对,自,自己的利益,和,和社区的公,共,共事务更加,关,关心和主动,参,参与，业主,和,和业委会最,主,主要的工作,就,就是面对物,业,业管理公司,的,的抗议活动,，,，维护业主,的,的权益，业,主,主委员会积,极,极参与公共,领,领域的讨论,。,。这一切初,步,步体现了公,民,民社会的主,要,要属性，堪,称,称中国城市,公,公民社会的,先,先声。,市民社会理,论,论,业主维权运,动,动的组织,张静：,培育城市公,共,共空间的社,会,会基础,以一起上海,社,社区纠纷案,为,为例,（载,上海政法学,院,院学报,，,2006,）,业委会是一,个,个社区公共,组,组织，它以,居,居民的“公,共,共”利益作,为,为组织化的,动,动力，它的,行,行动实践着,不,不同的社会,规,规则,自主、选择,、,、对等、参,与,与、公共授,权,权、公民责,任,任、行动的,法,法律依据等,，,，这类社区,公,公共组织在,城,城市出现，,试,试图进入公,共,共领域，管,理,理公共事务,，,，它正在建,立,立起一个公,共,共空间。这,个,个空间作用,于,于整合公民,共,共同利益，,促,促进公民的,合,合作，增强,公,公民的自主,性,性意识，动,员,员公民参与,，,，强化公民,基,基于契约基,础,础建立的信,任,任、监督和,自,自我控制关,系,系。,市民社会理,论,论,业主维权运,动,动的组织,业委会的作,用,用与限制,Benjamin L.Read:“Democratizing the neighborhood?Newprivate housingand home-ownerself-organization inurban China”(The ChinaJournal,2003),Thisdemocraticprocedurewasremarkablein anumber ofrespectswithin theChinese context.The seemingly innocuous idea ofhome-owners bandingtogether to assert collectivecontrol oftheir propertyis aradical and sensitive act within aChina still ruled by a communist party.Theformationof the new home-ownerscommitteeis inmanyrespectschallenging theestablished institutionsof the state and their deputies.,People inChinahavea negative,passiveattitudetheywillgo with the crowd,but they dont want to take thehead.They want good things,but they dontthinkabout howthese good things have to becreated.,Likeotherparticipants in reform-era collective action,home-owner associationleaders sometimes employed Marxistrhetoric in supporting their actions.More generally,the participantsdrewon the language of,“,“justice”and“rights”.,市民社会理,论,论,业主维权运,动,动的组织,The activists establish linkswithliked-minded peers to share adviceand ideas,andtheysometimesdrawuponexperiences inmoreopenand law-bound societies in theoutside world.Theyfallintoa sphereof enhanced opportunity for autonomous organization andrepresenta real,if tentative,manifestation ofcivilsociety.,市民社会理,论,论,业主维权运,动,动的组织,市民社会理,论,论,业主维权运,动,动的组织,Thomas B.Gold:,“,“TheResurgence ofCivilSociety in China”(Journal ofDemocracy,1990),Evenwereincipientcivilsociety to take root,itmight notleadto democracy.It represents an important departure from theexistingorder,asin asystem where the political authority attempted toeliminateliterallyall non-party-led associations,anyautonomous organizationtakeson political significance.,市民社会理,论,论,业主维权运,动,动的组织,Benjamin L.Read:“Democratizing the neighborhood?Newprivate housingand home-ownerself-organization inurban China”(The ChinaJournal,2003),The independence ofthe home-owners,committees was tobe constrained.Theministry spelled outthatthenew groupswould beformed“underthe direction of thehousing administrative agencies”.,“preparatory group”,社会运动理,论,论,业主维权运,动,动的动员与,策,策略,国外社区运,动,动（,Neighborhood action/movement),的有关研究,Robert A.Rosenbloom:“The neighborhoodmovement:Wherehasit come from?Whereis itgoing?”,（,Journal ofVoluntaryAction Research,1981),60,年代针对社,区,区重建项目,（,（,UrbanRenewal Program)