医学英语疾病介绍-Breast-Cancer(乳腺癌)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Breast Cancer,乳腺癌,Pink Ribbon has been as the world recognized identification Breast cancer prevention activities,publicity for early prevention,early detection,early treatment this information.,“粉红丝带”作为全球乳腺癌防治活动的公认标识，用于宣传“及早预防，及早发现，及早治疗”.,The Pink Ribbon,Breast Cancer Today In China,China is one of the countries with lower incidence of breast cancer(,中国是乳腺癌低发病率的国家之一,),But in recent years,the incidence increased significantly(,但近年来发病率出现了引人注目的增长,),An annual(,每年的,),increase of 3%to 4%,More than 1 to 2%of the world level,The incidence rate is one of the women most susceptible to tumor(,发病率为女性易患肿瘤第一位,).,The incidence of breast cancer from age 40 to 60 years generally,But chinese patients with early age of onset,The 45-year-old is the maximum age of sickness.(,乳腺癌的好发年龄为4060岁，但我国患者发病年龄提前，45岁为发病最高峰,),Hormonal influence(,激素影响,):,Long duration of reproductive life(,育龄的长时间持续,),Nulliparity,(,nliprti,未产妇,),Late age at first child(,老龄生育,),Functioning ovarian,(veri:n),tumor(,卵巢肿瘤影响,),Fibrocystic disease(,乳腺纤维囊性病,),Radiation exposure(,射线照射,),Obesity(,肥胖,),Genetic predisposition,遗传倾向,),Causes And Risk Factors,Outline,The most obvious risk factor for breast cancer is being a woman.Men get the disease,too,but it is about 100 times more common in women.Other top risk factors include being over age 55 or having a close relative(,有亲缘关系,)who has had the disease.But keep in mind that up to 80%of women with breast cancer have no family history of the illness (,80%,的乳腺癌患者 并无家族病史,).,Causes And Risk Factors,Breast Cancer:Why Me?,Being overweight(,过度肥胖,),getting too little exercise(,极少锻炼,),and drinking more than one alcoholic beverage per day(,每天喝超过一定量的含酒精饮料,)can raise the risk of developing breast cancer.,Birth control pills(,避孕药,)and some forms of postmenopausal,(pst,menpzl),hormone therapy(,某些形式的绝经后激素疗法,)can also boost your risk(,提高发病几率,).,Recent studies suggest that physical activity(,体育活动,)may help lower the risk of a recurrence(,降低复发率,)and its a proven mood-booster(,被公认为“愉悦情绪激发器”,).,Causes And Risk Factors,Risk Factors in Your Control,Breast Anatomy,outer,upper quadrant (,外上四分之一区域,),50%,Central zone(中心区域),20%,10%,outer,lower quadrant(,外下四分之一区域,),10%,inner,lower quadrant (,内下四分之一区域,),inner upper,quadrant (,内上四分之一区域,),10%,Breast Anatomy,Site(,发病部位,):,There are often no symptoms of early breast cancer,but sometimes women may discover a breast problem on their own.Signs and symptoms to be aware of may include:,A painless lump,(,无痛的肿物,)in the breast.,Changes in breast size or shape(,乳房大小和形状改变,).,Swelling in the armpit,(mpt).(,腋窝处隆起,),Nipple changes or discharge.(,乳头变化 或出现非生理性泌乳,),Symptoms,Signs and tests,Tests used to diagnose and monitor patients with breast cancer(,用于诊断和监控乳腺癌患者的试验,)may include:,Mammography,(,乳房,X,线摄影术,),to screen for breast cancer(,显示乳腺癌病灶,)or help identify the breast lump.(,帮助辨别乳房肿物,),The earlier breast cancer is found,the easier it is to treat.And mammograms,X-rays of the breast,can detect tumors(,能够探测肿瘤,)before they are large enough to feel(,在它们生长到足够大以至于可以被感觉到之前,).,Signs and tests,Breast MRI(,乳房核磁共振成像,)to help better identify the breast lump(,帮助更好地辨别乳房肿物的性质,),or evaluate,(vljet),an abnormal change on a mammogram(,评估乳房造影摄片上可见的异常改变,),Breast ultrasound,(ltrsand)(,乳房超声检测,),to show whether the lump is solid(,固态的,),or fluid-filled(,充满液体的,),An ultrasound can help determine the presence of cysts,fluid-filled sacs that are not cancer(,超声检测可以帮助判定病灶区包囊的出现和充满液体的囊并非都是癌症改变,).,MRI:,Magnetic,(mgnetk),Resonance,(rez()nns),Imaging,核磁共振成像,Signs and tests,The only sure way to determine whether a lump is cancer is to do a,biopsy,(baps)(,活体组织切片检查,).,This involves taking a tissue sample for further examination in the lab,sometimes through a small needle(,通过细小针头抽取,).Sometimes surgery is done to take part of or the entire lump for testing(,手术切除部分肿物送检,).,The results will show whether the lump is cancer,and if so,what type.(,活检结果会显示肿 物是否为癌症，如果是还 可以判定它的型别,),First,dont panic(,首先不要恐慌,).Eighty percent of breast lumps are not cancerous(80%,的乳房肿块并不是癌性的,).Lumps often turn out to be harmless cysts(,常常被证明是无害的囊肿,)or tissue changes related to your menstrual,(menstrl),cycle(,或是与你的月经周期相关的组织改变,).But you should let your doctor know right away if you find anything unusual(,不寻常的,)in your breast.If it is cancer,the earlier its found the better.And if its not,testing can give you peace of mind.,Signs and tests,What If You Find a Lump?,There are many types of breast cancer surgery,from taking out the area around the lump(lumpectomy,(lmpktmi)(,乳房肿瘤切除术,)or breast-conservation,(knsve()n)(,保留,)surgery(,乳腺癌保乳治疗,)to removing the entire breast(mastectomy,(mstektm)(,外科,全乳房切除术,).)Its best to discuss the pros and cons(,各自的优缺点,)of each of these procedures,(prsi:d)(,流程,)with your doctor before deciding whats right for you.,Treatment,Surgery,Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer,Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells(,用高能量的射线杀伤癌细胞,).It may be used after breast cancer surgery to wipe out any cancer cells that