积极心理学ppt课件

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,关于幸福心理的问题,人生的最终目的是什么？,什么是幸福？,你幸福吗？幸福水平可以测量吗？,为什么有的人幸福，有的人不幸福？,如何才能获得幸福？,2002年若贝尔经济学奖获得者关于“财富的极大化与幸福的极大化”的看法,幸福的含义,哈佛大学现在最热的课程-积极心理学,哈佛大学最受欢迎的人生导师,塔勒本-沙哈尔,幸福=意义+快乐,Thinking about happiness,Remember,these studies are based on large numbers of people.,The findings talk about general patterns.,In general,are people happy?,Yes.,75%-80%of people worldwide say theyre happy.,Excited,proud,pleased within the past week.,Set point for happiness,幸福的调整点,May be genetic,可能是遗传的,Within 1 year of a very positive or very negative event,happiness returns to previous levels.,在一个非常积极或非常消极的事件之后，,1,年之内，幸福回到从前的状态,残奥会的启示,What is not associated with happiness?,Age,Gender,Race,Why?,Age&SWB in 16 Nations,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,Percent satisfied with life,15-24,25-34,35-44,45-54,55-64,65+,Age Group,Report of Satisfaction by Gender,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,Mean%Reporting,%Satisfied,%Very Happy,Men,Women,What is not associated with happiness?,Education（教育程度）,Living in a big city or small town,生活在大城市，还是在小镇上,Part of the country where you live,Why?,What is not associated with happiness?,Wealth,（财富）,Wealthy countries are no happier than poor countries.,富国并不比穷国更幸福,Within any country,people who are most wealthy are not any happier than everyone else.,在任何国家，最富裕的人，不比任何其他人更幸福,Why?,Money does not buy happiness,What is associated with happiness?,High self-esteem,高自尊,Why?How?,自尊是人格的基石,Sense of control over life,对生活有控制感 Why?How?,Optimism,乐观主义 Why?How?,What is associated with happiness?,Extraversion,外向性 Why?How?,Health and Fitness,健康与适应 Why?How?,Marital Status,婚姻状态 Why?How?,IS MARRIAGE BLISS,Importance of family,Rare person who,as his life draws to a close,wishes he had spent more time with at work.,Question 1,How do happy people behave?,幸福的人的行为举止是怎样的呢,?,What do they do that makes them happy?,他们做了什么事，使得他们幸福呢？,To answer that question,we can look at some recent research studies on happiness.,Diener and Seligman,2002,A comparison of happy people and unhappy people.,比较幸福的人与不幸福的人,Diener and Seligman,2002,Participants reported,satisfaction with life,生活满意度,Mood,心境,information about friendships,有关友谊的资料,personality traits,人格特质,Then the authors compared,People with the highest happiness scores,“very happy”,and,People with the lowest happiness scores,“unhappy”,Results,（结果）,Very happy people differed from unhappy people in a number of ways.,在许多方面，非常幸福的人不同于不幸福的人。,Very happy people,Had strong and satisfying interpersonal relationships,拥有牢固和满意的人际关系,Were more extraverted and more agreeable,更外向，更爽快,Never reported feeling ecstatic or exuberantly happy,从未报告说感觉到狂喜或者幸福非凡,Unhappy people,Reported fewer close friends,fewer romantic relationships,and weaker family relationships.,报告较少的亲密朋友，较少的浪漫关系，以及较弱的家庭关系,Reported more negative emotions than very happy people.,与非常幸福的人相比，报告更多的负面情绪,Question 2,How do happy people deal with rejection,or not getting what they want?,幸福的人如何处理拒绝呢？或者说，没有得到他们想要的东西时，他们怎样做的呢？,Lyubomirsky and Ross,1999,The Dessert Study,“甜点研究”,Participants,（被试）,:,Rated 10 desserts,（评估,10,种,甜点）,Learned they would receive a dessert,得知他们会收到一种,甜点,Rated the desserts again,再次评估这些,甜点,Results,Happy people,rated the dessert they received highly,对他们收到的,甜点的评估非常高,also agreed the desserts they had rated highly but had not received still sounded good,也同意原来评估很高但没有收到的,甜点还是非常不错,Results,Unhappy people,also rated the dessert they received highly,对他们收到的,甜点的评估也非常高,But they,insulted,the desserts they were denied,但是，他们,蔑视他们得不到的甜点,The College Study,“,大学研究”,High school seniors,（高中毕业生）,evaluated colleges,（评价大学）,after applying,（在申请之后）,again after learning which colleges accepted them and selecting which college they would ultimately attend.,在得知哪些大学已经接受他们，以及选好他们最后就读哪所大学之后，再次评价,Results-Happy students,Were more satisfied than unhappy ones with the colleges they ultimately chose.,与不幸福的学生相比，幸福的学生对他们最终选择的学校更满意,Results-Happy students,Were more satisfied than unhappy students with colleges that accepted them but that they ultimately chose not to attend.,与不幸福的学生相比，幸福的学生对选择他们但他们最终没有就读的学校更满意,Results-Happy students,Happy students sharply devalued the colleges that rejected them!,幸福的学生急剧,贬,低拒绝他们的大学,Results,Unhappy students,Were less satisfied than happy students with the colleges they ultimately chose.,与幸福的学生相比，不幸福的学生对最终选择的学校满意较少,Were not as likely to devalue colleges that rejected them.,不太贬低拒绝他们的大学,Desserts vs.college,Not getting a dessert is a small instance of rejection.,没有得到一种甜点，是细小拒绝的场合,Not getting into college is a larger and more threatening instance of rejection.,没有进入大学，是较大拒绝和,威胁性比较高的拒绝的场合,Desserts vs.college,So it makes sense that people would behave differently in these two situations.,因此，有意义的是，人在这两种场合下的行为方式有所不同,Beyond that,happy people and unhappy people behaved quite differently.,除此以外，幸福的人与不幸福 的人在行为举止上非常不同,Summary,Purpose of positive psychology:to study happiness,strength and virtue,积极心理学的目的：研究幸福、力量和美德,What is not associated with happiness:demographic variables like