lecture10谓语选择

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,After-class practice for last lecture,不同的人对退休持不同的态度。,有些人认为退休后可享受晚年的生活。,但真的退下来了，他们则有点失望。,看到自己就要被抛到废物堆里，他们不甘认命，设法另找事干来发挥自己的余热，以继续得到收入。,另一些人则对一生中这样一个重大变动早有准备。,他们一生为工作操劳，现在筋疲力尽了，渴望退休后能放松拉紧的弦，好好休息。,由于不再需要每天早晨去赶公共汽车了，不再要为晋级忧虑。,就可以有足够的时间去追求童年时的梦想，如写写书、画画图、种种花、周游各地。,After-class practice for last lecture,Attitudes,towards retirement vary from person to person.,Some people,think that,they,will enjoy their time in retirement,but when,it,comes,they,may feel a little disappointed.,Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap,they,try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that,employment,can provide.,After-class practice for last lecture,Others,have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives.,Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work,they,are anxious to relax in retirement with,all the strains,relieved.,As,there is,no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion,they,now have enough time to fulfill an old dream,such as writing,painting,growing flowers and traveling around.,Lecture 10,Determining Predicate of a Sentence,谓语的确定,汉英主谓结构的差别,汉语的分析型,(analytic),语言,VS.,英语的综合型,(synthetic),语言,汉语的复杂谓语成分,VS.,英语的单一谓语成分,汉语谓语的多主动式,VS.,英语谓语的多被动式,分析型语言,VS,综合型语言,汉语分析型语言典型特征：,无词尾屈折变化,(inflection),词没有阳性和阴性的变化，没有表阳性和阴性的词缀,英语综合型语言有丰富的屈折变化形式：,table,table,s,run,ran,run,the boy,s,She sing,s,beautiful,ly,.,汉语语法呈隐含性,(covertness),，英语语法呈外显性,(,overtness,),谓语成分的复杂性,VS,单一性,她的未婚夫都,60,了,。,我,想,吃麦当劳,。,快餐食品,并不健康,！,三星的手机,外观很漂亮,。,历史,是人民创造的,。,他就会,持枪劫车杀人越货,。,谓语成分的复杂性,VS,单一性,Her fianc,is,already 60 years old.,He,wants,to eat at the Macdonalds.,Fast food,is,not wholesome,after all.,Samsung Brand cell phones,look,beautiful.,History,is,made,by the people.,He,is,good for nothing but hijacking vehicles and looting the goods by killing the drivers with his gun.,谓语的多主动式,VS,多被动式,问题,解决,了。,大家都,觉得,这样做不妥。,必须,采取,某些措施来控制水污染。,明天下午两点开教学研究会，全体教师务必,参加,。,谓语的多主动式,VS,多被动式,The problem,has been solved,.,It,is,generally,considered,not advisable to act that way.,M,easures,have to,be taken,to control the water pollution.,There will be a Teaching Symposium at 2,：,00 p.m.tomorrow,All the faculty,is expected,to attend,确定谓语的原则,谓语要和主语保持人称、数的一致；,谓语要明示汉语隐含的时态、情态和语气；,原文若为有形式标志的被动式，译文宜用被动式作谓语；,原文若为无形式标志的被动式，译文亦选择被动式作谓语；,若不知原文谓语动作的发出者是谁，或者原文的主语为“人们”、“大家”等，或者句中含有“据传”、“据悉”等字眼，译文的谓语常用,以,“it”,为形式主语的被动句式,；,谓语要符合英语表达习惯和语体特征。,谓语必须与主语在逻辑上搭配得当,谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当,主谓一致,+,时态,+,语气,改革和开放也,使民族精神获得了新的解放。,Reforms and the opening-up policy,have,also,further,emancipated,the minds of the people.,他过去的那副尊容,，只要你见过一次，无论什么时候你都不会忘记。,He,had,a face that once you,saw,is,never forgotten.,（三中全会的政策）谁想变也变不了。,No one,could,change this even if he,wanted,to.,她的独子让车给轧了。,Her only son,was run over,by a car,.,语态,茶会上只供应茶和蛋糕。,Only tea and cake,were served,at the tea party.,今晚有人在此讲了些不该讲的话。,Some things,were said,here tonight that ought not to,have been spoken,.,众所周知,，中国人在四千年前就发明了指南针。,It,is well known,that the compass,was,invented,in China four thousand years ago.,书到后,应立即付款。,You,are supposed,to pay right after the books are delivered,请您,为大家表演一个节目。,You,are requested,to give us a performance.,*北海公园的湖上已经结了厚厚的冰层,The lake in Beihai Park was covered with a thick layer of ice.,千里姻缘一线牵,Two beings destined to marry each other,though born in a thousand miles apart,can be tied together by a string.,People a thousand,li,apart may be linked by marriage.,谓语必须与主语在逻辑上搭配得当,你的教学科研取得了长足的进步，但不应因此而自满。,You,have,made great progress,in teaching and research but,you,should,guard against,complacency,汉语部不仅教,中国学生汉语和中国文学课，还招收学习汉语的外国留学生。,The Chinese Program,offers,not only Chinese and Chinese Literature for Chinese students but courses for international students of Chinese.,本书精选中国南方,26,个少数民族,的,131,则脍炙人口的故事。,The book,consists of,131 superb stories popular among 26 minority nationalities in the south of China.,4.,会后，人们奔走相告，感到北平和平解放的希望越来越大，漫长的黑夜即将过去,。,After the meeting,people lost no time in spreading the good news,feeling more and more hopeful of the peaceful liberation of Peiping and the final speedy conclusion of the dark night,.,*,子曰：“兴于诗，立于礼，成于乐,Confucious said,”It is by the Odes that your mind is stimulated.;it is by Rites that the character is established;It is from music that the finish is completed.(Analects.),谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当,抓紧施肥,取得成就,把中国建设成为,犯个人主义的错误,我们有过这样的经验,热烈祝贺亚运会,争取运动成绩与精神文明双丰收,pay close attention to or attend to the task of,manuring,have/record achievements,turn or transform China into.,make mistakes of succumbing to individualism,It was our experience that.,Hail/Greet the Asian Games,For better(athletic)records and sportsmanship.,*老吾老，以及人之老；幼吾幼，以及人之幼。,Treat with reverence due to age the elders in your own family,so that the elders in the families of others shall be similarly treated;treat with the kindness due to youth the young in your family,so that the young in the families of others shall be similarly treated,.,*时不时可以听见解放军的炮声。但是北平城内还有着数量庞大的国民党军队，虽然已如瓮中之鳖，但如果负隅顽抗，仍将给人