医学(中医)英语状语从句翻译课件

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,医学（中医）英语状语从句翻译分析,英译汉译法分析,1.,分译法,时间状语从句：,Hardly had the patient opened his eyes when the nurse rushed to his side.,病人一睁开眼睛，护士就赶紧跑上去。,地点状语从句,Mucous and,mucoserous,glands are found as far out in the bronchial tree as the cartilage extends.,在支气管树中，凡是有软骨的地方，都有粘液腺和粘液浆液腺。,原因状语从句,Careful examination of patients is necessary in that it helps us to make a correct diagnosis.,对病人进行仔细检查是必要的，因为它能帮助我们做出正确的判断。,目的状语从句,Dose should be regulated so that the total amount recommended daily will be consumed in three or four divided amounts.,剂量应分次服用，每日总量可分三到四次服完。,结果状语从句,All or only some of these features may be present so that one may see an,erythemato-squamous,eczema,an,erythemato-papulo-vesicular,eczema etc.,这些病变特征可全部或部分地出现，所以人们可以看到像鳞状红斑湿疹，丘泡红斑湿疹等疾病。,条件状语从句,Thrombosis of the vessels to a part is followed by necrosis unless a collateral circulation can be quickly established.,部分血管形成血栓，除非迅速建立侧支循环，否则坏死随之发生。,方式状语从句,The skeleton,which is composed of 206 bones,forms the framework and supports the body as the reinforced concrete construction supports the modern building.,由,206,块骨头组成的骨骼形成框架，如同钢筋水泥结构支撑着现代化建筑物那样支撑着人体。,让步状语从句,It is customary and convenient to separate left from right ventricular failure,although realizing that neither can long exist in pure form since continuation of the one inevitably leads to the other.,习惯上把左心室衰竭和右心室衰竭加以区别，而且这样做也较方便，尽管我们了解到，由于一室衰竭的延续，必然导致另一室衰竭，而不可能长期存在单纯一室衰竭的形式。,2.,合译法,1),时间状语从句,使用合译法的时间状语从句，常常为从句置于句首，与主句以逗号隔开,并且主句与从句的主语相同。因此翻译时可以将主句和从句合并为一句由相同的主语统领的句子，根据具体的关联词可译为“主语,+,在,时,+,谓语,或主语,+,一,就,”,等结构。,When the patient was examined,he complained of stomach ache.,病人在被检查时主诉胃痛。,2),让步状语从句,大多数情况下，,if,any/ever,引导的让步状语从句，当主句含有否定的意义且句子较短时，可以使用合译法，意译为“,几乎不,/,没有,”,。,The drug causes little,if any,myelosuppression,.,这种药物几乎不会造成脊髓抑制。,3.,顺译法,1),时间状语从句,In early heart failure,dyspnea,is observed only during activity,when it may simply represent an aggravation of the breathlessness that occurs normally.,在心力衰竭早期，呼吸困难仅见于活动时，此时它仅表现为常见的呼吸困难加重。,2),地点状语从句,Where the esophagus enters the stomach,there is a sphincter.,在食道进入胃的地方，有一个括约肌。,3),目的状语从句,The patient should be kept up in his bed that his breath may come easier.,病人应该被扶坐在床上，以便使他易于呼吸。,4),结果状语从句,Rarely,a fulminating attack of rheumatic fever in children makes a serious and extensive damage to the myocardium that death from cardiac failure results within a few weeks.,罕见的是，儿童爆发性风湿热的发作使心肌受到严重而广泛的损伤以致在几周内便死于心力衰竭。,5),条件状语从句,Once the orthopedist has elicited a patients symptoms and signs,he needs to decide how far these phenomena resemble or differ from those of other orthopedics patients.,一旦骨科医生查出了某一病人的症状和体征，他就要确定这些表现与其他骨科病人的表现有何差异。,6),方式状语从句,During the operation the patient acted as if nothing had happened.,手术时，病人表现出若无其事的样子。,7),让步状语从句,Although the patient with bronchitis has to make a great effort to cough up the sputum,he does not always succeed.,尽管患支气管炎的病人不得不用力咳痰，但不是总能咳得出来。,4.,倒译法,由于中英文语言习惯不同，所以翻译时应遵从目标语言的语言习惯，有时翻译时要变换语序，把原来的主句译为从句，原来的从句取代主句，这就是倒译法。倒译法在时间状语从句、地点状语从句、让步状语从句较常用。,1),时间状语从句,It is difficult to recognize,hypochromia,until the hemoglobin concentration decreases to less than the 89g/dl range.,在血红蛋白浓度低于,89g/dl,的范围之前，血红蛋白过少很难被发现。,地点状语从句,Place absorbent cotton to absorb the perspiration,wherever a contact may occur(as between the toes or the fingers),在,（皮肤）可能发生接触的任何地方（如脚趾间手指间），放上脱脂棉以吸收汗水。,让步状语从句,There are only three materials(carbohydrates,fat and protein)which go into the making of all foods,no matter of what type they are.,无论其类型为何，所有食物的组成中只有三种物质（碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质）。,医古文中特定语法现象与状语从句的对应,特定词类的翻译对应,“,而”与时间状语从句的对应,昔在黄帝，生而神灵，弱而能言，幼而徇齐，长而敦敏，成而登天。（,素问,上古天真论篇第一,）,In ancient times,the Yellow Emperor was very clever,after,born.As a baby,he learned to speak,before,the others could.In his childhood he was thoughtful.The Yellow Emperor was honest and shrewd in his youth,and mounted the throne,since,he was grown-up.,“,而”与条件状语从句的对应,伤寒先厥后发热，下利必自止，,而,反汗出，咽中痛者，其喉为痹。（,伤寒论,）,When fever occurs after the prevalence of coldness on the extremities,diarrhea will come to a stop.,If,there is perspiration,throat pain and inflammation will occur.,2.2“,则”与条件状语从句的对应,寒中之属,则,便热。（,灵枢,师传篇第二十九,）,If,the patient suffers from the disease due to cold in the middle,he will prefer heat.,特定句式的翻译对应,1“,之所,”,与,where,引导的地点状语从句的对应,此皆卫气之所留止，邪气之所客。,All these are locations,where,the guard,qi,can come to a halt and,where,the evil,qi,can settle as visitor.,2“,，,主之”与,if,引导的条件状语从句的对应,百合病渴不差者，栝蒌牡蛎散主之。,If,the syndrome remains after the adoption of Washing therapy,Powder of Radix,Trichosanthis,and,Concha,Ostreae,can be given,关联词,when,的翻译与应用,1,、,when,引导的时间状语从句,1,、,1 when,翻译成：“当,”,When an abscess reaches a surface,either skin or mucous membrane,the overlying tissues becomes,necrosed,forming a slough,and when the slough is discharged,an open sore or ulcer is produced.,当脓肿达到皮肤或粘膜表面时，其覆盖组织就坏死了，形成腐肉，当腐肉排出时，则形成开放疮口或溃疡。,1.2 when,翻译成：“之后”或“之前,E1:,When proteins are eaten,they are during digestion broken up into amino acids.,蛋白质被吃下去后，在消化过程中分解成氨基酸。,E2:,The whole operation had already been done when the patient