被动语态 (2)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,By Joke,(一)语 态 分 类,英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。,They will build a new bridge over the river.(,主动),A new bridge will be built over the river.(,被动),汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：,助动词,be+,及物动词的过去分词,构成。,(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化,助动词,be+,及物动词的过去分词,时态 主动 被动,一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时,一般将来时,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时,do/does,am/is/are doing,have/has done,will do,did,was/were doing,had done,would do,The active voice the passive voice,am/is/are done,am/is/are being done,have/has been done,will be done,was/were done,was/were,being,done,had been done,would be done,1.,They,make,shoes,in that factory.,三、主动语态变被动语态,Shoes,are made,(by them),in that factory.,一般现在时的被动语态构成：,S(,主语）,+am/is/are +,过去分词,2.,They,bought,ten computers,last term,Ten computers,were bought,(,by them,)last term.,一般过去时：,S+was/were+,过去分词,3,Ling,Feng,can take,good care of,Polly,Polly,can be taken good care of,by Ling,Feng,.,情态动词：,S+can/may/must/should+be+,过去分词,4.,They,will,finish,the work,in ten days.,The work,will be finished,(,by them,),in ten days.,一般将来时：,S+will+be+,过去分词,5.,Some workers,are painting,the rooms,now,The rooms,are being painted,by some workers now.,现在进行时：,S+am/is/are+being+,过去分词,6,We,have made,twenty more keys,Twenty more keys,have been made,by us,.,现在完成时：,S+have/has+been+,过去分词,7,I,was doing,my homework,at 8:00 last night,My homework,was being done,(,by me,)at 8:00 last night.,过去进行时：,S+was/were+being+,过去分词,(,四,),五、在什么情况下不能使用 被动语态呢？,1.,不及物动词或词组不用被动语态,。,have,remain,stay,appear,fall,rise,happen,disappear,fail,last,break out,take place,belong to,2.,表示状态的动词，如,have,，,cost,，,fit,，,last,，,own,，,become,等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：,【,正,】The shirt fits him very well,【,误,】He is fitted very well by the shirt,3.,祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：,【,正,】Look at the blackboard,，,please,【,误,】The blackboard is looked at by you,3.,某些及物,动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时,不能用于被动语态。例如：,【,正,】He joined the League in 1998,【,误,】The League was joined by him in 1998,4.,由“动词名词”构成的英语习语（如,make faces,，,make friends,，,take place,等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如：,【,正,】The boy make faces in class,【,误,】Faces are made by the boy in class,Great changes have taken place in,Jinan,since last year.,5.,反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：,【,正,】You must look after yourself,【,误,】Yourself must be looked after,1.Wear,，,open,sell,wash,，常用主动表被动。表示这种物总是具有某种内在的特点。,The door blew open.The door,wont open,.,The window,wont lock/close.,The cloth,washes very easily.,draw,read,write,clean,burn,cook,，,sell,等不及物动词,与,well,easily,等用时,，主动表被动。,The clothes wears well,The book reads easily.The pen writes well.,The dinner is cooking.The book is printing.,五,.,主动表示被动,2.,动名词主动表被动的结构：,Want,need,require+Ving,Your hair,wants,cutting,.,=Your hair wants,to be cut,.,Your coat,needs,brushing,.,=Your coat needs,to be brushed,.,He,wants to be taken to the park.,Visitors,are required to obey the rules.,He,needs,looking after,.,=He needs,to be looked after,Be worth doing=be worthy to be done,be worthy of being done,3.,不定式主动形式表被动含义。,Easy,difficult,fit,pleasant,hard,nice,interesting,nice,等形容词后做状语。,He is difficult to deal with/work with.,His speech isnt easy to understand,.,I,have a lot of things,to do.,同一逻辑主语。,Please give me something,to eat.,4.,感官动词,连系动词主动表示被动含义,look,smell,taste,sound,feel,Our school,looks beautiful,.,Your hand,feels rather cold.The paint smells bad.,The theory proved to be very practical.,六。使用被动语态作客观说明，常用的有：,Its said/known/reported/told/thought believed/announced+that,据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：,It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and,It was reported that her mother died of SARS.,众所周知,It is well known that,据推测说,It is supposed that,七,.,Be+done,结构表示状态。,be surprised/disappointed at,be engaged/observed/caught in,be pleased/satisfied withbe tired of/withbe covered with be worried about/desertedbe gone/lost/seated/dressed,be devoted to,be determined,八。主动语态变成被动语态注意：,1.,elect,make,call,choose,name,consider,think,regard,believe,等。,Eg,:They elected,him,chairman of the team,.,.,He,was elected,chairman of the team,.,2.,当谓语动词为,see,make,observe,hear,等词时,S+V+O+O,.C,结构化为被动,O.C,变为,S.C,，,原不带,to,的不定式要带,to,.,He,was made,to stand,beside the teachers desk for being late for school again.,The teacher,made,him,stand,beside the teachers desk for being late for school again.,My parents,made me water,all these young trees,（,变被动）,I was made to water all these young trees by my parents,（,加上了,to,）,10.,动词词组构成被动时，注意介词或副词不能遗漏。,put,on,put,up,take care,of,call,on,depend,on,make use,of,pay attention,to,。,Lets practice!,1.-What is that noise?,-Oh,I forgot to tell you.The new machine _(test),2.I hear they have promoted Tom,but he didnt mention _ _ _(promote)when we talked on the telephone.,3.He _(regard)as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics.,is being tested,having been promoted,was regarded,4.The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _(expect)to arrive.,5.-Do you have any problems if you _(offer)this job?,-Well,I am thinking about the salary.,is expected,is offered,19,期双语报 语法填空,被动语态总复习,语态有两种形式：主动语态 和被动语态,被动语态的形式：,be+,过去分