第十一章汉英语言心理的对比

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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第十一章 汉英语言心理的对比,语言研究的三个层面和汉英对比的三个层次:,1.,a.,具体语言规律层面,b.,普通语言学层面,c.,语言哲学层面,2.,a.,语言间语法特征对比,b.,语言表现法的对比,c.,语言心理的对比,一、整体思维与个体思维,用词语为事物命名的整体观照.,金星、木星、水星、火星、土星、天王星、,海王星、冥王星,Venus,Jupiter,Mercury,Mars,Saturn,Uranus,Neptune,Pluto,2.整体性重复的句子安排,a.,镇子坐落在一个峡谷里,东面是山,西面是山,南面是山,北面也是山。,The small town lies in a valley surrounded,with mountains.,b.,这年头什么都要送礼,生要送礼,老要,送礼,病要送礼,死要送礼。,Nowadays youll have to send presents on almost every occasionPresents for childbirth,on the birthday of the aged,to show your care when somebody is ill or some help to make arrangement for somebodys funeral.,c.,我们春天需要太阳,秋天需要太阳,冬天需要太阳,夏天也需要太阳。,We need sunlight all the year round.,d.,我建议我们分头干:我来做菜,做饭,,洗碗;你去取车,洗车,擦车;或者你来做菜,做饭,洗碗;我去取车,洗车,擦车。,I suggest we divide up our job:one of us does the cooking and wash-up and the other to fetch the bike,wash and grease it.,e.,每一种京剧脸谱的颜色代表一种性格特征:红色代表忠勇,白色代表奸诈,黄色代表豪侠,绿色和蓝色代表鲁莽,有时也代表神鬼,黑色代表正直廉洁,金色和银色代表天神。,Each color of the painted face in Peking Opera,represents a particular personality trait.Red,indicated loyalty and courage,white craftiness and,dishonesty,yellow valor;green and blue represent,rough-and-ready characters of demons and,spirits;black-denotes uprightness and integrity.Gold,and silver are exclusively for immortals and celestial,beings.,3.表现法的程式化综合性倾向。,a.,还有一些人相爱一是通过长期在工作中的接触;二是性格相近,三是对工作和爱情的看法也相同。,Still others became lovers through long contact at work.They usually had similar dispositions and each attached the same importance to work and love.,b.,一个好作家总是热爱生活;一个好作家总是毫无例外地将自己的社会政治倾向性融汇于他所创造的角色中;一个好作家也更是毫无例外地力求根据生活的真实来塑造人物性格的真实及其无限复杂的内涵。,A good writer loves social life and invariably,merges his sociopolitical tendencies in the,literary characters he creates.Whats more,he,too,invariably tries to delineated the,truthfulness and limitless complexity of,character in the light of truth.,c.,今年生产计划的顺利完成,是全体职工共同努力的结果,是加强本行业横向联系同心协力的结果,也是市局领导大抓宏观管理和全局安排、运筹的结果。,The production plan was carried through due to the common effort of the workers and staff,the cooperation between the factories in partnership and the effective management of the government departments concerned.,“三省十八县,汉家客商,瑶家猎户,药匠,壮家小贩,都在这里云集贸易。猪行牛市。蔬菜果品,香菇木耳,懒蛇活猴,海参洋布,日用百货,饮食小摊晴天是一片头巾、花怕、草帽,雨天是一片斗篷、纸伞、布伞。”(芙蓉镇),“,From eighteen counties in three provinces came,Han merchants,Yao hunters and physicians,and,Zhuang,peddlers.There were two markets for pigs,and buffaloes,stalls of vegetables,fruit,mushrooms,and edible fungus,snakes and monkey,sea-slugs,foreign cloth,daily necessities and snacksThe,place swarmed with people,rang with a hubbub of,voices.If you look down from the back hill on fine,days,you saw turbans,kerchiefs,straw hats;on wet,days,coir caps and umbrellas of cloth or oiled paper.”,二、悟性与理性,词语模糊化,语义的模糊,句法成分的模糊化,语言单位的模糊,三、主体意识与客体意识,1.物称与人称,What has happened to you?,你出了什么事?你怎么了?,An idea suddenly struck me.,我突然想到了一个主意。,A strange peace came over her when she was alone.,她独处时便感到一种特殊的安宁。,Not a sound reached our ears.,我们什么也没听到,Alarm began to take entire possession of him.,他开始变得惊恐万状。,The thick carpet killed the sound of my,footsteps.,我走在厚厚的地毯上,一点脚步声也没有。,The forty years,1840-80,brought almost ten,million migrants to America.,从1840至1880这四十年中,近一千万移民,移居美国。,It never occurred to me that she was so,dishonest.,我从来也没有想到她这么不老实。,新县长上台以来全县情况非但没有好转,而且每,况愈下。,The whole county has gone to hell instead of picking,up with the new magistrate.,为了编辑出版吴昌硕书画集,他还走访了许,多吴老的学生,和吴老的学生的学生。,His interview also included the painters students,and their students to get in information for the,publishing of,Wu Changshuos Painting.,星期五那天,中国乒乓球队一早就到安亚伯附近,去参观拥有两万两千名学生的密执安大学现代化,校园。他们和该校学生在校内自助餐厅排队取午,餐,然后举行了一场表演赛。,Friday started with a morning visit to the modern,campus of the 22,000-student University of,Michigan in nearby Ann Arbor,where the Chinese,table tennis team joined students in the cafeteria line,for lunch and later played an exhibition match.,It has been noted with concern that the stock,of books in the library has been declining,alarmingly.Students are asked to remind,themselves of the rules for the borrowing and,return of books,and to bear in mind the needs,of other students.Penalties for overdue books,will in the future be strictly enforced.,近来已注意到本馆存书惊人地减少,此事令人关,切。现要求学生不要忘记借书还书规则,并考虑,其他学生的需要。今后凡借书逾期不还者,必将,严格按章处罚。,The number of books in the library has been going,down.Please make sure you know the rules for,borrowing,and dont forget that the library is for,everyones convenience.So from now on,were,going to enforce the rules strictly.You have been,warned!,2.被动与主动。,仅仅有27.7的青年夫妇在他们结婚之前,分到住房,有些人是在结婚之后一年,有,些甚至等了好几年才分到房子。,Only 27.7 percent of newly married couples,were given an apartment on the eve of their,marriage or even a year after or more after their,marriage.,他见到你连魂都丢了。,He was confounded at the sight of you.,撒个小谎说“不在家”,面子不就保全了。,Your face would be saved with a white lie like,“not at home”.,我得了流感。,I was hit by flu.,有机会就要抓住,不能迟疑。,Grab off the opportunity.Feel no hesitation.,搞得我心乱如麻。,It made me upset.,只听到阵阵笑声从青竹林中的熊猫馆传出来。,Laughter burst out from
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