[4]情报学概论-信息组织na

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,信息组织,刘志辉,科学计量与评价研究中心,2015-10-20,信息检索系统,信息资源,匹配,查询,标引,检索结果,相关性反馈,Identify/Scope the thing to be described,Study it to identify its important properties or features,Compare it with other things like and unlike it,Select or develop a system/vocabulary for description using“good”,Categories and terms that enables particular things to be identified,and different things to be distinguished,Create the description,measurements and other statistics about the,Object,either“by hand”or by some automated/computational process,Description,信息组织,semantics,syntax,semiotics,categorization,classification,taxonomy,folksonomy,vocabulary,tag,Web 2.0,metadata,metamodel,facet,Conceptual model,schema,microformat,microcontent,Ontology,Information architecture,Integration,mushup,Interoperability,standardization,compliance,pragmatics,大纲,信息资源描述技术,信息资源标引技术,信息资源封装技术,信息组织,算 帐,二,飞镜,玉轮,婵娟,经、史、子、集,经、律、论,信息组织,索引文摘法,分类组织法,主题组织法,元数据,本 体,语义网,体系分类法,:DDC(,Dewey Decimal Classification,),体系,-,组配分类法,:UDC(,Universal Decimal Classification,),组配分类法,:CC(Colon Classification),标题法,:LCSH(,Library of Congress Subject Headings,),叙词法,:,汉语主题词表,单元词法,关键词法,索引法,文摘法,信息组织,信息资源封装技术,信息资源描述技术,信息资源标引技术,编 目,元数据,分类模式,关联组织,外部特征描述与转录,内容特征概念及其相互关系描述与揭示,已描述分散资源的整合与长期保存,信息组织,1 信息资源描述技术,1.1,信息资源编目技术,以特定顺序记录或转录信息资源元数据元素的相关标准规范与技术。,国际标准书目著录,（,International Standard Bibliographic Description,，,ISBD,）,1967,：,Anglo American Cataloging Rules,，,AACR,1978,：,AACR2,2005,：,AACR3,：,RDA,(Resources Description and Access),）,英美编目条例,中国,ISBD=GB/T3792,文献著录,系列国家标准,AACR=,西文文献著录条例,示例,1 信息资源描述技术,1.2,信息资源元数据技术,从信息资源的外部特征中选取需要描述的元素，并对这些元素的名称、标签、语义、格式等进行设定的相关标准规范与技术。,语义层,语法层,MARC,1960s,CCF,1984,TEI,1987,EAD,1993,DC,1995,FRBR,1998,MODS,2002,MARC I,1966,MARC II(LCMARC),1968,USMARC,1983,MARC21,1997,UNIMARC,1977,CWMARC,1992,合并,CANMARC,Z39.2,1971,ISO2709,1977,GB/T2901,1981,SGML,1985,XML,1998,RDF,2004,HTML,1993,MARC,:MAchine Readable Cataloging,CCF,:Common Communication Format,TEI,:Text Encoding Initiative,EAD,:Encoded Archival Description,DC,:Dublin Core,FRBR,:Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records,MODS,:Metadata Object Description Schema,SGML,:Standard Generalized Markup Language,XML,:Extensible Markup Language,RDF,:Resource Description Framework,1 信息资源描述技术,1.3 FRBR,书目记录功能需求（,Functional Requirement for Bibliographic Records,）,using the data,to,find,materials that correspond to the users stated search criteria(e.g.,in the context of a search for all documents on a given subject,or a search for a recording issued under a particular title);,using the data retrieved,to identify,an entity(e.g.,to confirm that the document described in a record corresponds to the document sought by the user,or to distinguish between two texts or recordings that have the same title);,using the data,to select,an entity that is appropriate to the users needs(e.g.,to select a text in a language the user understands,or to choose a version of a computer program that is compatible with the hardware and operating system available to the user);,using the data in order,to acquire or obtain,access to the entity described(e.g.,to place a purchase order for a publication,to submit a request for the loan of a copy of a book in a librarys collection,or to access online an electronic document stored on a remote computer).,Group1,智力或艺术产品：,Work,Expression,Manifestation,Item,Group2,责任人：,Person,Corporate Body,Group3,（,work),主题：,Group1&Group 2,Concept,Object,Event,place,1 信息资源描述技术,1.3 FRBR,书目记录功能需求（,Functional Requirement for Bibliographic Records,）,1 信息资源描述技术,1.3 FRBR,1 信息资源描述技术,1.3 FRBR,1 信息资源描述技术,Work,Expression,Manifestation,Item,Person,Corporate Body,Group 2,Is owned by,Is produced by,Is realized by,Is created by,1.3 FRBR,Work,Person,Corporate Body,Work,Expression,Manifestation,Item,Concept,Object,Event,Place,1 信息资源描述技术,1.3 FRBR,Has as subject,Has as subject,Has as subject,1 信息资源描述技术,1.3 FRBR,1 信息资源描述技术,1.3 FRBR,2 信息资源标引技术,Weakly-,structured,strongly-,structured,Natural Language,Controlled Language,Term List,Categorization&,Classification,Relationship Groups,Pick lists,Synonym Rings,Authority Files,Glossaries/Dictionaries,Gazetteers,Subject Headings,Categorization Schemes,taxonomies,Classification Schemes,Thesaurus,Concept Maps,Semantic Networks,Ontology,强调概念 定义与理解，接近自然语言，,不涉及语义关系,强调概念间的层级聚合和类别体系，来自,自然语言，具备相对规范的语义结构,强调概念间各种关系的揭示，语义结构强，,是经过规范化的机器可读的人工语言,2 信息资源标引技术,2.1,分类模式,重点在于揭示概念间的等级关系，目前应用最广、发展最为成熟的信息组织体系，包括标题表、范畴表、分类表、层级表、,Folksonomy,等。,主要由主表、标记符号、复分表、类目注释系统和类目索引构成；,利用术语间的等级关系描述知识结构框架，不易于知识更新；,杜威十进分类法,（,DDC,）,国际十进分类法,（,UDC,）,美国国会图书馆分类法,（,LCC,）,冒号分类法,中国图书馆图书分类法,中国科学院图书馆图书分类法,2 信息资源标引技术,2.2,关联组织模式,重点在于揭示概念间的各种关系，除等同、等级、相关关系外，还包括整部、蕴含、因果等语义关系，以及一定的规则和推理，包括叙词表、概念地图、语义网、本体等。,传统关联组织模式又被称为主题法；,包括：标题法、元词法、叙词法、关键词法；,分类法主题法一体化趋势：分面叙词表、分类主题词表、集成词表,美国国会图书馆标题法,（,LCSH,）,美国医学标题法,（,MeSH,）,国防科学技术主题词典,汉语主题词表,2 信息资源标引技术,2.3 Folksonomy,众分法、众分表、分众分类表、大众分类法、通俗分类法、社会分类法,网络用户自发为某类信息定义一组标签进行描述，并选用高频次标签作为该类信息类名的一种网络信息分类方法。,Distributed-classification,User-driven Approach,Tag Clouds,2 信息资源标引技术,2.4 Ontology,Gruber: