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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,50605,Ladies and Gentlemen，,My topic today is Education in AustraliaIn Australia，each state and territory has its own primary and secondary education system,Standards，however，are high and reasonably uniform,Within each state and territory system there are two main types of schoolgovernment and non-government.,In government schools，attended by about two thirds of children，tuition is free,About three-quarters of the non-government schools are Catholic,Most non-government schools charge feesAlthough the states and territories are responsible for all education，the federal government provides most funding for higher education.,In 1989，it set up a system under which undergraduate and postgraduate students must make a financial contribution toward the cost of their study,Throughout Australia，schooling is compulsory between the age of six and fifteen years,However，most children begin school earlier than the law requires，usually in pre-schools run by the same organizations that administer the mainstream schools,Primary schooling lasts six to seven years and the curriculum is similar across the nation.,Studies begin with basic language and mathematics，and the fundamentals of inquiry，and social，health and creative skills are taught,Before reaching secondary level，children are learning English，mathematics，elementary science，social studies，music，art，craft and physical education,Optional subjects such as religion，languages and music are common,Secondary schooling begins at year seven or eight and goes typically to year twelve,More advanced levels of the same subjects are taught，plus technical and commercial ones,The typical secondary school is the co-educational comprehensive or multipurpose high school，offering a wide range of subjects,Some states have separate high schools and colleges specializing in technical，agricultural，commercial and other fields,Their curriculums include general academic subjects and practical training.,Major examinations or other formal assessments occur after three of four years of high school and，at this point，most students are old enough to leave the system,Another two years study is available，however，and many keep going to the end-year twelve,In most parts of Australia，certificates are issued at each of these levels，called commonly the School Certificate（at or about year ten）and the higher School Certificate（year twelve）,The Higher School Certificate is usually required for university of higher-education college entry,Post-secondary education in Australia occurs in universities and colleges of technical and further education called,TAFEs,Most of Australias approximately one million TAFE students attend state-administered collegesThe vast majority study part-time,All major skills in a wide range of Industrial，commercial，artistic and domestic occupations are covered,Most universities also offer non-degree continuing-education programs.,The entire system is matched by correspondence courses for students prevented by illness，disability or residential isolation from attending schools,There are also“school of the air”，which use two way radio networks to provide classroom experience to students in isolated places,In some states，children living too far from a secondary school to travel dally may live in government funded or subsidized hostels,Special educational services are provided to integrate into classrooms children with disabilities attending special and mainstream schools,They are designed to accommodate the special needs of children with intellectual，physical，sensory，emotional，social or learning disabilities,There is a nationwide school program designed to increase students sensitivity to the populations multicultural background and to help ethnic communities maintain their languages and cultures.,Students from non-English speaking backgrounds are helped to develop their English to enhance their equality of opportunity in education and participation in society,Educational material developed under federal initiatives is available to schools to meet such language needs,Id like to stop here and wish to take your questions.,
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