动词(已贴),英语语法-词类2

单击此处编辑标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,动词,行为动词,（或称实义动词）,A.,及物动词：后面需接宾语，意义才完整。如：,Mary,opened the door,to me.,玛丽给我开门。,B.,不及物动词：本身意义完整，后面不接宾语。如：,The car,stopped,.,车停了。,C.,兼作及物和不及物动词：许多动词既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词。如：,He,studied English,at Middle School.,他在中学学过英语。（,vt,.,）,He,studied,very hard.,他学习很用功。（,vi.,）,2),连系动词：,系动词也叫连系动词，,是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后面必须跟表语，构成系表结构来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等,。系动词主要有：,be,look,feel,become,get,turn,seem,sound,taste,smell,grow,appear,等。,2),用法指南,常见的连系动词可分为如下五类：,表示“是”和,“,存现,”,的系动词“,is”,，用来表示主语的特征、状态的性质。,She,is,a teacher.,她是一名教师。,We,are,in the classroom.,我们在教室里。,表示保持一种状态或态度的连系动词，如：,keep,remain,stay,等。,Though it is spring now,it,remains,cold in this city.,尽管现在是春天了，但这座城市仍然很冷。,Keep,still while Im taking a picture of you.,我给你照相时别乱动。,This bar often,stays,open till twelve at night.,这家酒吧经常一直营业到晚上,12,点。,表示从一种状态转变为另一种状态的连系动词，如：,become,get,grow,turn,go,等。,I,became,a teacher when I grew up.,我长大后成为了一名教师。,The weather,gets,warmer and warmer.,天气变得越来越暖和了。,表示“看起来”的连系动词，如,look,seem,appear,。,She,looked,very happy today.,她今天看起来很高兴。,His father,seems,a serious man.,他父亲似乎是个严肃的人。,Everybody,appears,well prepared.,大家看上去都做了充分的准备。,表示其他感官感觉的系动词，如“,feel,（摸起来），,smell,（闻起来），,taste,（尝起来），,sound,（听起来）”。,Silk,feels,soft.,丝绸摸起来很柔软。,The flowers,smell,very sweet.,这些花闻起来很香。,It,tastes,fine.,它吃起来味道很好。,The idea,sounds,quite all right.,这个主意听起来挺不错。,3),关于连系动词的说明,连系动词没有被动语态。,中文：他保持安静。,He,is kept,quiet.,He,keeps,quiet.,除表示状态变化的情况以外,连系动词通常没有进行时。,The days,are getting,longer and longer.,白天越来越长,He,is remaining,silent.,He,remains,silent.,他仍然保持沉默。,be,get,grow,look,smell,taste,turn,等，除了作连系动词以外，还可以作助动词或实义动词。,They,are,working.(,助动词,),他们正在工作。,Please,look,at the blackboard.,（实义动词）,我肯定我闻到了汽油的味道。,连系动词的固定搭配,look like,看起来像；,look the same,看起来一样；,sound like,听起来像；,come true,实现，成为现实；,fall asleep,入睡,3),助动词和情态动词：,助动词,本身没有意义，在句中帮助主要动词构成一定的时态、语态、语气，或帮助构成否定句和疑问句。常用的助动词有：,be(am,are,is,was,were,been,being),do(does,did),have(has,had),will(would),shall(should),。,2),用法指南,构成不同时态的各种形式,He,is,singing.,他在唱歌。,He,has,finished his homework.,他已经完成了他的作业。,构成不同语态的各种形式,He,was sent,to Shanghai.,他被派往上海。,You,have been,told about it.,这件事已经告诉过你了。,构成疑问句,Do,you like school life?,你喜欢学校生活吗？,Did,you study English before you came here?,你来这儿前学过英语吗？,与否定副词,not,构成否定句,I dont like him.,我不喜欢他。,加强语气,Do come to the party tomorrow evening.,明天晚上你一定要来参加晚会。,He did know that.,他的确知道那件事。,情态动词,情态动词有一定意义，但仅仅表达说话人的态度，并不表示动作或状态。它在句中需和主要动词一起构成谓语。常用的,情态动词有：,can(could),may(might),must,have to(had to),ought to,used to,need,dare,shall,should,will,would,。如：,3.,短语动词,英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。如：,The plane,took off,at seven oclock.,飞机七点起飞。,He,looks after,his mother at home.,他在家里照料母亲。,二、动词的基本形式,动词有五种基本形式，即动词,原形、第三人称单数现在式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词,。这五种形式和助动词一起构成动词的各种时态、语态和语气。,用法指南,1,）动词原形,动词原形就是动词原有的形式,。,例如：,be,have,buy,sit,play,study,等。,Please,open,the door.,请打开门。,I,do,my homework every day.,我每天做家庭作业。,2,）动词的第三人称单数形式,在一般现在时的句子中，如果主语是第三人称单数时，动词形式要发生变化。,He often,goes,to school by bike.,他经常骑自行车上学。,Lily usually,gets,up at 6:30.,莉莉通常,6,点半起床。,第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下：,一般情况下，在动词后直接加,-s,。,get-get,s,play-play,s,listen-listen,s,come-come,s,work-work,s,如果是以,-s,，,-x,，,-ch,，,-sh,或,-o,结尾的动词，在动词后加,-es,。,go-go,es,watch-watch,es,wash-wash,es,fix-fix,es,pass-pass,es,以辅音字母,+y,结尾的动词，把,y,变为,i,再加,-es,。,study-stud,ies,carry-carr,ies,try-tr,ies,3,）现在分词,现在分词由“动词原形,+ing”,构成，其构成方法如下：,一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加,-ing,。,play-play,ing,work-work,ing,以不发音的,e,结尾的动词，去掉不发音的,e,，再加,-ing,。,make-mak,ing,ride-rid,ing,write-writ,ing,以重读闭音节或,r,音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个末尾的辅音字母，再加,-ing,，但如,r,前是双元音，,r,就不双写。,put-put,ting,get-get,ting,prefer-prefer,ring,但,appear-appear,ing,个别以,-ie,结尾的动词，要将,ie,变为,y,，再加,-ing,。,die-d,ying,lie-l,ying,4,）动词过去式,动词过去式用于一般过去时。,它是在动词原形的基础上变化而来的，可分为规则和不规则两种形式。,动词过去式的规则变化如下：,一般情况下，在动词原形后面加,-ed;,以不发音的,e,结尾的动词，在其后加,-d,。,work,ed,play,ed,look,ed,arrive,d,live,d,hope,d,以辅音字母,+y,结尾的动词，把,y,变为,i,再加,-ed,。,study-stud,ies,cry-cr,ied,carry-carr,ied,try-tr,ied,以重读闭音节或,r,音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个末尾的辅音字母，再加,-ed,，但如,r,前是双元音，,r,就不双写。,stop-stop,ped,plan-plan,ned,beg-beg,ged,但,appear-appear,ed,5,）过去分词,过去分词用于完成时态和被动语态两种，其构成方法也分为规则变化和不规则变化两种形式。过去分词的规则变化和动词的过去式的规则变化是一样的。过去分词的不规则变化和过去式的不规则变化有所不同，但有些也有规律可循。,【,自测题,】,1.If you go to the park tomorrow morning,_.,A.so will he B.so he will C.so he does D.so does he,2.Coffee is ready.How nice it _!Would you like some?,A.feels B.smells C.sounds D.looks,3.,Li Lei speaks French very well.,_.,A.So is he B.So he does C.So he do D.So he did,4.,What will a city library be like if youre asked to build one?,I hope it will _ like a book.,A.taste B.sound C.look D.smell,5.Some are _ in the river and some are _ games.,A.swiming,playing B.swimming,plaiing,C.swimming,playing D.swimming,plaing,6.Mark Twain,an American writer,_ everybody here.,A.knows B.is known as,C.is known to D.is known for,7.,Where _ my glasses?I cant find them.,I _ them on the bookshelf,but they arent there.,A.you put,put B.you have put,have put,C.have you put,put D.did you put,have put,8.When the police arrived,the man _ for 10 minutes.A.died B.was death C.had died