proper name translation

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter 4 Proper Name Translation,1.G,eneral rules in translating proper names into Chinese,英译汉,1.,Translating proper names into Chinese,英译汉,1)T,ransliteration,音译,2)S,emantic translation,意译,3)Transliteration plus semantic translation,音译加意译,4)Part transliteration plus part semantic translation,部分音译部分意译,5)Form translation,表形法,1)Transliteration,Transliteration is often used to translate t,he name(s)of:,A,person,A,place,A,drug,A,measure unit,Things of foreign origin,人名,Marx,：马克思,Einstein,：爱因斯坦,Bacon,：培根,Robert Frost,罗伯特,弗罗斯特,John Keats,约翰,济慈,地名,Vienna,：维也纳,Berlin,：柏林,Cyprus,：塞浦路斯,Somalia,：索马里,药名,aspirin,：阿斯匹林,analgin,：安乃静,quinine,：奎宁,procaine,：普鲁卡因,计量单位名称,ampere,：安培（电流单位）,watt,：瓦特（电功单位）,hertz,：赫兹（频率单位）,volt,：伏特（电压单位）,外来物品名称,chinlon,：腈纶,radar,：雷达,vinylon,：维尼龙,guitar,：吉他,D,isadvantages for transliteration,I,ndirect,Meaningless untill the public can connect the translation with its meaning,Therefore,we may replace some transliteration with semantic translation.,From phonetic translation to semantic translation,康拜因,那摩温,哀的美敦书,奥多风,莱塞,索密痛,水门汀,白脱,诺号,Combine,联合收割机,Number One,大人物,ultimatum,最后通牒,otophone,助听器,laser,激光,somidon,去痛片,cement,水泥,camera,照相机,butter,黄油,know-how,专门知识,3 Rules for transliteration,A.F,ollow the prononciation of the owners of the proper names;,名从主人,B.U,se the standard prononciation of the Chinese character;,标准汉音,C.A,dopt the established popular translated names.,约定俗成,3 Rules for Transliteration,A.F,ollow the prononciation of the owners of the proper names;,名从主人,A,ll the proper names should be,transliterated,from the correct prononciation of their owners.,弄清楚原文是何种外文，再来选择有关译音表。,日本的,“,东京,”:,不能按汉语的读法英译为,Dongjing,而应按日语发音译为,Tokyo,。,3 Rules for Transliteration,B.U,se the standard prononciation of the Chinese character;,标准汉音,英汉译音表,不要使用容易引起联想的字,E,milia,爱美丽呀,艾米莉亚,Kulessa,裤里塞,孔雷飒,Peggotty,怕狗踢,辟果提,Robert Frost,罗伯特,霜,John Keats,约翰,鸡丝,Darnley,大恩利 宜译为“达恩利”；,Joule,猪尔,宜译为“朱尔”；,Albin,阿尔病；,宜译为“阿尔宾”；,Boris,跑锐斯,宜译为“鲍锐斯”。,3 Rules for Transliteration,C.A,dopt the established popular translated names.,约定俗成,英国剧作家,George Bernard Shaw,萧伯纳 （乔治,.,伯纳德,.,肖）,波兰天文学家,Copernicus,哥白尼 （柯配尼柯斯）,意大利航海家,Christopher Columbus,哥伦布 （哥伦布市）,英国侦探小说家,Connan Doyle,柯南,.,道尔（康南,.,多伊尔）,美国前驻旧中国大使,Leighton Stuart,司徒雷登（莱顿,.,斯图尔特）,著名英国进化论者,Thomas Henry Huxley,赫胥黎（赫克斯利）,美国前驻旧中国大使,Leighton Stuart,司徒雷登（莱顿,.,斯图尔特）,M,attbien Ricci,利玛窦,P,earl Buck,赛珍珠,J,ohn King Fairbank,费正清,James Endicott,文幼章,外国人起中国名字的,我是中国通，我有中国名儿,2)Semantic Translation,Techincal terms and other common nouns,Techincal terms,especially those of natural science,and other common nouns are often,first transliterated and then translated semantically,.,T,elephone,P,enicillin,B,ourgeois,P,roletariat,斯蒂克,巴士,的士,那摩温,雷达,德律风,盘尼西林,布尔乔亚,普罗列塔利亚,拐杖,客车,计程车,领班，老板,无线电,R,otary(dial)telephone,拨盘式电话,P,ush-button telephone,按键式电话,V,isual telephone,可视电话,W,alkie-talkie,对讲机,R,otary(dial)telephone,拨盘式电话,M,obile phone,移动电话,3)Transliteration plus semantic translation,音译加意译,Cigar,译为雪茄,烟,；,Polka,译为波尔卡,舞,；,Flannel,译为法兰,绒,；,Carbine,译为卡宾,枪,。,4)Part transliteration plus part semantic translation,部分音译部分意译,M,ost proper names are,transliterated,but there are also exceptions,for example,geographical names.,T,he Pacific Ocean,T,he Black Sea,T,he Dead Sea,G,eographical names proceded with“new”are often translated partly semantically and partly phonetically.,N,ew England,N,ew Zealand,New Delhi,neon sign:,“霓虹灯”,(neon,音译为“霓虹”，,sign,意译为“灯”,),tung oil,译为桐油（“桐”谐音，“油”表意）,motor cycle,译为摩托车（“摩托”谐音，“车”表意）,5)Form Translation,U-steel,：槽钢,U-bolt,：马蹄螺栓,U-tube,译为,U,形试管,A-tent,译为,A,形帐篷,Z-crank,译为,Z,形曲柄,2.Translating Chinese proper names into English,汉译英,The Wade-Giles System,-unscientifc,-Fails to correctly convey the standard prononciation of the Chinese language.,-cause great confusion,汉语拼音,韦（威）氏拼音,P103,za-tsa,zai-tsai,zan-tsan,zang-tsang,zao-tsao,ze-tse,zei-tsei,zen-tsen,zeng-tseng,zha-cha,zhai-chai,zhan-chan,zhang-chang,zhao-chao,zhe-che,zhen-chen,zheng-cheng,zhi-chih,All,the names of persons and places should be spelt in the Chinese phonetic alphabet,unless a translation is a well-established one.,毛泽东,Mao Tsetung/Mao Tse-tung,Mao Zedong,北京,Peking,Beijing,Here are some exceptions.,A,dopt the established popular translated names.,孙中山,Sun Yat-sen,蒋介石,Chiang Kai-shek,孔子,Confucius,Nicknames,How to translate“,范跑跑”？,How to translate“*,客”？,真人版蜡笔小新,郭跳跳,VS,范跑跑,1964-67,年间十次获世界冠军的英国摩托车赛手,StanleyMichaelHailwood,（,1940-1981,）有绰号“,MiketheBike”,（摩托车迈克）。,亚历山大大帝,Alexander the Great,名,+the+,描述语,范跑跑,Fan the runner-away,Fan the fleer,Fan the escaper,郭跳跳,?,姚抄抄,?,周骗骗,?,杨杀杀,?,“跳”,-jump,hop,leap,bounce,skip,spring,throb,郭跳跳：,Guo the hopper,姚抄抄：,Yao the plagiarist,周骗骗：,Zhou the cheat/faker,杨杀杀：,Yang the killer(not murderer),