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,Unit Ten,Comfort Heating,Heating System,A,steam(heating)system,uses the vapor phase of water to supply heat or kinetic energy through a piping system.As a source of heat,steam can heat a,conditioned space,with suitable,terminal heat transfer equipment,such as,fan coil units,unit heaters,radiators,and,convectors,(finned tube or cast iron),or steam can heat through a heat exchanger that supplies hot water or some other heat transfer medium to the,terminal units,.,Water systems that convey heat to or from a conditioned space or process with hot water are frequently called,hydronic heating systems,.The water flows through piping that connects a boiler,water heater to suitable terminal heat transfer units located at the space or process.,Classified by flow generation,hydronic heating systems may be(1),gravity systems,which use the difference in density between the,supply and return water,columns of a circuit or system to circulate water;or(2),forced systems,in which a pump,usually driven by an electric motor,maintains the flow.,Cast-iron Radiator,Expansion Tank,Electric Boiler,Relief Valve,Pump,Return Pipe,Cold Water Fill,Supply Pipe,Radiator,In the,direct-return,system,the length of supply and return piping through the subcircuits is unequal,which may cause unbalanced flow rates and require careful balancing to provide each subcircuit with design flow.Ideally,the,reverse-return,system provides nearly equal total lengths for all terminal circuits.,Solar Altitude and Solar Azimuth,S,Normal,Solar Altitude,Solar Azimuth,（,偏东为负，偏西为正,）,The current value of the,solar constant,(which is defined as the intensity of solar radiation on a surface normal to the suns rays,just beyond the earths atmosphere at the average earth-sun distance)is 1367 W/m,2,.,大气层外太阳辐射强度随日期的变化,Spectral Solar Irradiation,99,的能量集中在在,0.28m,到,5.0m,的波段之间。,Direct solar radiation,Diffuse solar radiation,Global solar radiation,Global solar radiation,Direct solar radiation,Diffuse solar radiation,Shorter wavelength,High proportion,Longer wavelength,Temperature increase,Greenhouse effect,Five Elements of Passive Solar Home Design,Aperture(Collector),The large glass(window)area through which sunlight enters the building.,Absorber,The hard,darkened surface of the storage element.,Thermal mass,The materials that retain or store the heat produced by sunlight.,Distribution,The method by which solar heat circulates from the collection and storage points to different areas of the house.,Control,Roof overhangs can be used to shade the aperture area during summer months.,Active solar heating system,1:Sensor,传感器,2:Air Vent,排气口,3:Sensor wire,传感器线,4:Pump or circulator,循环泵,5:Pressure Relief Valve,减压阀,6:Sensor,传感器,7:Pressure Relief Valve,减压阀,8:Thermometer,温度计,9:Tempering Valve,混水阀 调温阀,10:Hot water output,热水输出,11:Cold water feed line,补水管,12:Knob adjusts water temperature output,13:Bypass“H”valve,旁通阀,14:Check Valve,逆止阀,15:Solar collectors inlet,太阳能采集器入口,16:Pressure Relief Valve,减压阀,17:Collectors&Absorber Plate,太阳能采集器,18:Auxiliary heater,辅助加热器,19:Storage Tank,储热罐,20:Differential controller,温差控制器,21:Pressure gauge,压力表,22:Pressure storage tank,储压罐,23:Flowmeter,流量计,Solar heating systems,Central solar heating system with seasonal storage,1.Heat Transfer and Fire Tube Boilers,Heat Transfer ranks second,Fire Tube Boile rs,2.,Solar Energy,The greenhouse principle Basic solar system components,Instrumentation Collectors,Absorber Plate Heat Storage,3.,System Controls,System controls for heat storage,Space Thermostat Temperature Sensors,Control Panel Differential Thermostat,Frequently used words and phrases:,fire tube boilers,火管锅炉,hydronic heating,循环供暖,secondary heat exchanger,二次热交换器,insulating effect,绝热效应,firebox,燃烧室,alternate energy sources,替代能源,cloud cover,云量,shorter wavelength,短波,longer wavelength,长波,absorber plate,吸收板,antifreeze,防冻剂,pressure storage tank,储压罐,relief valve,排气阀,fiberglass,玻璃纤维,centrifugal pump,离心泵,check valve,逆止阀,thermostat,温控器,auxiliary heater,辅助加热器,control panel,控制台,(,面板,),greenhouse,温室,differential thermostat,差示恒温器,ASME,美国机械工程师协会,American Society of Mechanical Engineers,Frequently used words and phrases:,fire tube boilers,火管锅炉,hydronic heating,循环供暖,secondary heat exchanger,二次热交换器,insulating effect,绝热效应,firebox,燃烧室,alternate energy sources,替代能源,cloud cover,云量,shorter wavelength,短波,longer wavelength,长波,absorber plate,吸收板,antifreeze,防冻剂,pressure storage tank,储压罐,relief valve,排气阀,fiberglass,玻璃纤维,centrifugal pump,离心泵,check valve,逆止阀,thermostat,温控器,auxiliary heater,辅助加热器,control panel,控制台,(,面板,)greenhouse,温室,differential thermostat,差示恒温器,ASME,美国机械工程师协会,American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2,.,The transmission or flow of heat,ranks,in the field of engineering,second only to,problems involving the,strength of materials,.,hydronic heating:,循环供暖,secondary heat exchanger:,二次热交换器,rank,:,按等级排列,strength of materials:,材料强度,approach,:,方法,blind acceptance:,盲目接受,elementary:,基本的,gross:,显著的 十足的 粗糙的,Hydronic heating,maintains comfort in the home by circulating hot water to the,
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