同等学力人员时态

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,错误类型,主谓一致,/,名词单复数,动词时态,语态：主动语态,/,被动语态,连接词,/,并列举,/,从属句,形容词、副词及其比较级和最高级,虚拟式,非谓语动词,代词：与先行词的一致,/,指称,语序：倒装句,赘述,合适的修饰,易混淆的词,A.,主谓一致,advice,baggage,behavior,clothing,copper,gold,iron,equipment,fun,furniture,harm,information,knowledge,leisure,luggage,machinery,news,paper,permission,postage,progress,trouble,weather,labor,popularity,experience,work,traffic,money,travel,rain,butter,milk,accuracy,smoke,mud appreciation,etc.,Linguistics,physics,mathematics,optics,athletics,economics,politics,mechanics,measles,mumps,arthritis,etc.,Each/everyand,结构作主语时，位于动词用单数。,Either/neither/each/any of,作主语时，谓语动词均为单数。,With,together with,along with,as well as,accompanied by,like,including,The United States,the United Nations,New York Times,etc.,The number of,a great deal of,a large amount of,many a,etc.+,单数谓语动词。,A large collection of contemporary photographs,including some taken by Henry,_ on display at the museum.(be),The reason for the exhaust systems in American automobiles,_,the severe level of air pollution in urban areas.(be),Setting fires to public building,_,highly dangerous and punishable.(be),It is stated on the annual report that the number of microcomputers _ reached 700.(have),Many a man thinks life _ meaningless without a purpose.(be),A large number of people _ from all parts of the country to see the exhibition.(come),The president,along with his wife and daughter,_ returning from a press conference this afternoon.(be),B.,动词时态,(two days)ago,in 1800,last night/year,when he was only ten,years old,in the past,yesterday,just now,etc.+,过去时。,Since,ever since,up to now,up till now,so far,already,yet,in the past/last ten years,from then on,for(time),etc.,+,现在完成时。,Leave,begin,arrive,reach,graduate,die,start,join,etc,（,瞬间动词）不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。,时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不能用一般将来时表示将来行为。,一般现在时 代替 一般将来时,一般过去时 代替 过去将来时,现在进行时 代替 将来进行时,现在完成时 代替 将来完成时,状态动词不用在进行时态中。常见的状态动词有,：,have,possess.own,know,understand,like,dislike,hate,etc.,We havent seen much of her in the past few months.,Mrs.Lee is now living on 74th street but I havent seen her for a long time.,By the end of last month I had finished all the required reading materials for the course.,By the end of next month I will have finished the tenth chapter of my novel.,I will report everything to the boss when he returns from his holiday.,He will take a taxi if it rains,so as not to ruin his new clothes.,I have graduated for three years.(,应改为,:I graduated three years ago.),John has joined the army for two years.(,应改为：,John has been in the army for two years.),C.,语态：主动语态,/,被动语态,无被动用法的动词,:let,have,get(,让，使,),I wont let you go away now.,（不说：,You wont be let to go away now.),The boss had me running here and there.,The man got the car started.(,不说：,The car was got started.),Make,feel,see,hear,observe,notice,smell,watch,在主动句中接不定式时不用,to,但在被动中必须用,to,。,Mary saw John cross the street./John was seen to cross the street.,It is,estimate,that a round-trip flight to Mars would take more than a year and a half.,The club was,found,50 years ago with seven members.,D.,连接词,/,并列举,/,从属句,并列连词有,：,and,or,but,so,for,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,bothand,etc.,从属连词有,：,after,before,since,because,till,until,that,what(ever)who,when,why,how,although,whether,if,while,as soon as,sothat,suchthat,etc.,作为并列连词的,for,与从属连词,because,和,as,的区别。,that,省略与不省略的场合。,whether,与,if,的差异。,都表示“虽然”的四个连词,although,though,as,while,用法不同。,until,使用要点。,几个特殊的结构。,For he was terribly drunk,he could not walk steadily.(,应改为：,He could not walk steadily for he was terribly drunk.),The delegation has already arrived,but I didnt know(that)it was coming until this morning.,It is generally believed,that,American elephants are more difficult to tame than Asian ones.,（不能省略）,Siberias chief shipping problem is that it has no year round port.,（不能省略）,Whether to hold a meeting or not will be decided when all the members meet.(,不能用,if to),Everything depends on whether she agrees or not.(,不用,if),Although/While he was ill,he kept on working.,Though he was ill,/Ill though he was,Hard as he worked,he still failed.,特殊结构,:As A is to B,so is C to D./A is to B what C is to D.,As water is to fish,so is air to man.,Pen is to paper what chalk is to blackboard.,F.,虚拟式,与“要求，命令”相关的动词,：,demand,require,request,ask,order,direct,insist,advise,etc.,与“建议，提议”相关的动词,：,suggest,recommend,move,advocate,propose,etc.,与“要求，命令；建议，提议”相关的名词,：,demand,request,suggestion,order,insistence,recommendation,proposal,advice,etc.,与“要求，命令；建议，提议”相关的形容词,：,advisable,recommendable,insistent,etc.,与“必要性，重要性”相关的形容词,：,important,necessary,essential,vital,urgent,imperative,etc.,But for,without,thanks to,的出现往往意味着可能出现虚拟，例：,But for/Without the man,the kid would have been drowned.,It is(high)time that,的用法，例：,It is time that measures were taken to prevent such events.,Lest,in case,后接,(should)+,动词原形。,An extinguisher has been placed on each storey in case/lest a fire should break out.,Would rather(that),would sooner(that),would just as soon(that),as if/as though,wish,etc.,现在,：,wish that,主语,+,动词过去式