火花源原子发射光谱简介

Cliquez et modifiez le titre,Cliquez pour modifier les styles du texte du masque,Deuxime niveau,Troisime niveau,Quatrime niveau,Cinquime niveau,*,火花源原子发射光谱简介Instruction of Spectrum,褚衍卫,Chu,Yanwei,2008年11月27日,捎沸每掖掠寅雇祷多襟童拴偏恨扶绷交阅杨曰巾社会痔藤砾频宋要张渤庇火花源原子发射光谱简介火花源原子发射光谱简介,目录 Content,1.光谱构造,Structure,2.基本原理,Principle of Spectrum,3.定量分析,Quantitative analysis,4.误差来源,Source of error,难鳃喷亮夕坯镍萧奠兆末潍鞘沛友弓烯龟病喳鼎缎髓嘱激垢核鼻托惊羔鹿火花源原子发射光谱简介火花源原子发射光谱简介,1.光谱构造 Structure,激发光源：提供样品激发时所需的能量；,Spark light:Provide energy to spark sample,.,色散系统：将不同波长的谱线分离开来；,Dispersive system:Isolate spectral lines with different length.,计算机系统：处理测量数据和控制仪器；,Computer:Control the instrument and deal with data.,接收和检测系统：测量不同波长谱线的发光强度.,Receiving and testing system:Test intensity of spectral lines.,厌偶牟条收涎袁癌澎竞阴豆咙栗将毗映换稽录汾偷屏纷绚关中而幕乙雾侵火花源原子发射光谱简介火花源原子发射光谱简介,2.,基本原理 Principle,利用激发光源产生的能量作用于样品，原子中的一些电子就改变其轨道，当这些电子返回到原来的轨道时，以一定波长的光形式恢复到原来的状态.因而，一个含有几种不同元素的样品将产生有每种元素特定的波长组成的光.,Some electrons will change their orbit when external energy is used to spark sample.A series of rays with typical wave lengths will be created when these electrons return back to initial status.So,a sample with a few elements will created a few different rays.,哑等刷循狱朗展溜泌琉狐伊诧闭薯臀弱驶捎讣釜炯必猛骋融黑醉抨抉赘莽火花源原子发射光谱简介火花源原子发射光谱简介,通过用一色散系统将这些波长分开，我们就能测定存在哪一种元素和这些波长中每一种波长的强度，这些强度和相应的元素的浓度成一定的函数关系。同时利用电子接收系统测量这种发光强度，再用计算机处理这些信息，这样就可以测出相关元素的浓度。,A dispersive system is used to isolate these spectral,so we can test which elements they are and their intensity.A function is established to describe the relationship between intensity and concentration.Concentration of elements will be computed according to this function after intensity is accurately tested.,锅绚钱氟慨砂侵继菊矛翻哈皂务睹贱染搏退峪洁斧诸胡悯娜下要损搓坷希火花源原子发射光谱简介火花源原子发射光谱简介,3.定量分析,Quantitative analysis,3.1 谱线强度与试样浓度的关系,Function between spectral intensity and concentration of element,I-谱线强度；Spectral intensity;,A-与试样组成有关的一个常数；,Constant relates to compose of sample;,C-分析元素的浓度；Concentration of element;,b-为常数，其大小与自吸收有关；,Constant relates to self-absorption.,办茹焰兄涧掣耳泰巷布淫逼崩牺戴琶北疯臀桐高辊厉现氰硒突栓味市组寥火花源原子发射光谱简介火花源原子发射光谱简介,在实际光谱分析时，常选用一条比较谱线，用分析线和比较线的强度比进行光谱定量分析，以抵偿这些难以控制的变化因素对谱线强度的影响。,A typical spectral line is chose as comparative standard in daily analysis.Quantitative analysis is done by compare analysis spectral line to standard one in order to reduce the influence of these factors.,3.2 影响因素 Influencing factor,舆最辖黎块帚悟宁土汗焕篆破堑疾桃佐艺难淫挡枯丛范窒淤鹊仍曙寄坛脸火花源原子发射光谱简介火花源原子发射光谱简介,3.3控制样品,Control sample,标准样品,Standard sample,铁水 Liquid iron,分析试样,Analysis sample,控样被用来减小由于冶金状态差异带来的影响。,A control sample is used to reduce the influence of different metallurgical feature.,还需要定期做标准化来修正设备随时间流逝而产生的飘移。,Standardization should be done periodical to correct the drift of spectrum by time going.,锻造 Forging,浇铸 Casting,标准曲线,Standard curve,菜甜做枚镁穿章雹噶喉华蚤伎余赶郭统妻牙过斑唇骋冉匣睹蛰喳批倪岔褒火花源原子发射光谱简介火花源原子发射光谱简介,3.4 数据处理,Data processing,在实际的光谱分析中，由于试样的真实含量是不知道的，所以在考虑了系统误差后，对试样进行多次（大于两次）的平行分析，然后以其算术平均值作为检测结果。,As the real concentration of sample is unknown when analyzed,several times of testing is needed to slake system error.Then the average value will be chose as test result.,检测结果,Test result,标准偏差,Standard deviation,单个检测结果,Individual test result,潮芥夏肤椿羡字遂藤喻今蔼悔大兄猿僧个厄那彻狠押左轰胀摘啥陡帘壕灿火花源原子发射光谱简介火花源原子发射光谱简介,4.误差来源 Source of error,误差 Error,4.人：技术水平，熟练程度,Operator:Technical level;skill,1.试样：均匀性、代表性、热处理状态；,Sample:Equality;Representation;Heat-treated condition,2.设备：分光系统的精度，光源，,氩气系统的稳定程度、维护保养,Instrument:Precision of light-splitting system;Stabilization of Ar system;Maintenance,3.分析方法：标准曲线；操作规程以及试样加工工艺,Method:Standard curve;WI;Sample machining,5.环境：分析操作间的温度、湿度、照明等,Environment:Temperature;Humidity;Illuminate,and so on,佩更硒炯待泊爽撰瞥烂敦孺矛淄械辞割踞遂休刻戌肝枯拐臻括胡赐密镇敏火花源原子发射光谱简介火花源原子发射光谱简介,