一般过去时的被动语态

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 9,Grammar,Vocabulary,I.Grammar,Language focus P147,一般过去时的被动语态,概念：,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在以下三种情况下，常用被动语态。1）强调动作的承受者，而不强调施动者。2）不必提及施动者。3）不知道施动者。,详见书本,P148,eg,.,1)Was the song,composed by a soldier,?,这首歌是由一名士兵创作的吗?,2),Such books,were written,for children.,以前这种书是儿童读物。,3),We,were shown,the machines they had turned out.,他们让我们参观了他们生产的机器。,Language focus P151,构词法,（详见,P151）,Language focus P153,对主语和宾语提问的疑问词,1）疑问代词,who,在疑问词中充当主语，对主语提问不用助动词。,形式,：,who+,谓语动词+其它成分?2）疑问代词,what/whom,在疑问词中充当宾语，对宾语提问要用助动词。,形式,：,what+,助动词+动词原形+其它成分?,eg,.,1),Who,left?,谁离开了?,2),Who,gave you that book?,谁给你的那本书？,3),What,are you having for dinner?,你晚饭吃什么?,4),What,did she say?,她说什么了?,5),Whom,did you meet in the street yesterday?,昨天你在街上遇见了谁?,Language focus P156,动名词,概念：,1）动名词具有名词的功能，可以起相当于名词的作用。2）它与其它动词非谓语形式一样，也具有动词的某些特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，并可同它的宾语、状语等一起构成动名词短语。,形式：,动词原形,ing,动名词的句法作用,1.作主语,A),动名词作主语也可以用先行词,it,作形式主语，而把动名词短语置于后部。这种用法通常见于：,Its no use(useless,no good,nice,fun,等)+-,ing,，,或,There is no use+-,ing,。,B),动名词和不定式作主语在意义上有一定的差别:通常动名词泛指一般动作，而不定式表示具体动作。,eg,.,1),Traveling by train,is more comfortable than by bus.,与汽车相比，乘火车更舒适。,2),It is no use,talking so much about this,.,这种事多说也无济于事。,动名词和不定式的区别,1),Selling old houses,is difficult.,卖老房子是困难的。,(泛指一般动作),2),To sell my old house,is difficult.,把我的老房子卖出去是很难的。,(谈论一个特定的动作),2.作宾语和介词的宾语(有些动词后面只能接动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。例如：,suggest,avoid,enjoy,admit,mind,consider),eg,.,1)The boys avoided,fighting,.,男孩子们避免了斗殴。,2),He suggested,going out for a walk,.,他建议出去走走。,3),She is,good at telling lies,.,她很会撒谎。,4),Before driving any of the buses,they will have to pass a special test.,在驾驶公共汽车前,他们必须通过专门测验。,连词,If,引导的真实条件,，,概念：,1)条件状语表示“如果，那么”，这种条件是可以实现的。2),if,引导的从句位于主句之前时，要用逗号。在主句之后则不用逗号。3)如果条件状语是将来时,只能用一般现在时表示。,形式：,从句：,If,主语+谓语（一般现在时），,主句：,主语+,will/wont（,情态动词）+动词 原形,eg,.,1)You may stay here,if you keep quiet,.,如果你保持安静你可以待在这儿。,2),If I have time,I,ll,go to the meeting together with you.,如果我有空，我将和你一起去开会。,3),If that is true,what should we do?,假设那是真的我们该怎么办呢?,4),She will play the piano,only if she is paid,.,只有付给她报酬，她才愿意演奏钢琴,II.Vocabulary,Activity 1,in honor of,=in ones honor,为了（纪念或表示敬意而举行某活动）,eg,.,I have cooked a special meal in honor of our visitors.,我做了一道特殊的菜向我们的来客表示敬意。,2),A memorial meeting was held in his honor.,举办了纪念会以悼念他。,worth,prop./a.1),价值的，顶得上,eg,.,1),This,is a car,worth$20,，,000,.,价值2万美元的一辆小汽车。,2),How,much is this toy,worth,?That toy is,worth little,.,这玩具值多少钱？这个玩具不值钱。,3),A bird,in the hand is,worth two in the bush,.,双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。,compete for,v.,to strive with another or others to attain a goal(,和)争夺；力争获取,eg,.,1),He was clever enough to,compete for,the mathematics scholarship.,他很聪明，完全能获得数学奖学金。,2),These young men,compete for,the silver medal.,这些年轻人争夺银牌。,name,v.to give a name to:,给以名字：,eg,.,1),We named the child after both grandparents.,我们以孩子祖父母的名字给他取名。,2),The boy,was named George after,his uncle.,那孩子随他舅父的名子取名乔治。,represent,v.to stand for;symbolize:,代表代表；象征：,eg,.,1)The bald eagle,represents,the United States.,秃鹰象征了美国。,2),These stones,represent,armies.,那些石头代表部队。,stage,v.to arrange and carry out:,发起；举行，上演,eg,.,1),Next year shanghai,will stage a boxing match,.,明年上海将进行一台拳击比赛。,2),Our school,stages a play,every year.,我们学校每年上演一台戏,Activity 12,bid(for),v./n.,offer or propose(an amount)as a price.,出 价，投标,eg,.,1),He bid$5 for an old book.,他为一本旧书出价5美元。,2),Park wants to sell his farm,and he has already had,two large bids for it,.,帕克想卖掉他的农场，并且已经有两个出大价的买主。,in advance,ahead of time;beforehand.,提前；预先,eg,.,1),They used to pay the rent in advance.,他们老是预付房钱的。,2),I received one months salary in advance.,我得预支一个月得薪水。,(,have an/the)effect on,n.,the result of a particular influence,影响；效果；作用,eg,.,1),The medicine,had the effect of m,aking,me sleep.,我吃了这种药想睡觉。,2),This,had a great effect on,on the future of both mother and son.,这件事对母亲和孩子的未来都有极大的影响,。,