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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,翻译理念和教学理念举例,北京外国语大学高级翻译学院,李长栓,2010,年,9,月,25-26,日,哈尔滨,教学案例：翻译美国国歌,台湾从日本引进的英语课本,美国小学教材选编,星条旗之歌（小学一年级）,有些地方看不懂,喔，你可看见，透过,黎明的晨光,，,为何我们如此骄傲地，在,最后一道曙光,中,欢呼,？,是谁的宽条明星，经过激烈的战斗，,依然迎风飘扬，在我军碉堡上？,炮火闪烁着红光，炸弹轰轰作响，,见证了黑夜过后，我们的国旗依然,耸立,。,喔，你说，那星条旗不是依然飘扬,在这自由的土地，勇者的家园上吗？,看原文、查字典，懂了一些,Oh!,say,1,can you see,by the dawns early light,What so proudly we,hailed,2,at the,twilight,s,3,last gleaming?,Whose broad stripes and bright stars,through the perilous fight,Oer the,rampart,4,s we watched,were so gallantly,streaming,5,?,And the rockets red glare,6,the bombs bursting in air,Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.,Oh!say,does that,star-spangled,7,banner yet wave,Oer the land of the free and the home of the brave?,1,Say,是什么意思？,2,to cheer,salute,致敬,or greet;welcome,3,the soft,diffused light from the sky when the sun is below the horizon,either from daybreak to sunrise or,more commonly,from sunset to nightfall.,晨光；暮光,4,a high wide wall of stone or earth with a path on top,built around a castle,town,etc.to defend it,壁垒；城墙,noun usually plural,5,an act or instance of flowing.,6,a very harsh,bright,dazzling light,7,Something that is,spangled,is covered with small shiny objects.,Twilight,还是无法判断,英文为什么用问句？按中文“不是依然飘扬在,吗？”岂不更符合国歌的身份？,不满足，继续调查,国歌历史,国歌历史简介,http:/ Troopers,马里兰州、巴尔的摩、,Fort McHenry,电子地图,从开始调查到弄清每个词的含义，耗时起码,20,小时,调查发现,网上所有的中文翻译，都是一知半解，包括新华网和维基百科中文版,有老外用中文演唱美国国歌视频，虽然慷慨激昂，但意思错误,一般美国人不懂歌词含义,美国作家的理解也不一定正确,有不少英文网站介绍国歌产生的背景，有助于理解,歌词真面目,国歌原来是一首诗，有四小节，平时只唱第一小节,歌词形成过程（实际教学时会让带领学生读背景资料）,1914,年，美国和英国交战。英国人在马里兰州抓了一个医生，带在船上。英军去攻打巴尔的摩，把他带在船上。,医生的朋友（国歌作者,Francis Scott Key,）到船上营救。,与英军谈好，可以带走。但英军指挥官说：今天先别走，因为晚上要攻打巴尔的摩，怕你们走漏风声。,两人呆在船上。傍晚时分，两人看到美军旗帜飘扬在城墙（,rampart,）上空。晚上，看不见旗帜，但听得到炮声，看得见火光，所以断定美军还在抵抗。后半夜，一片死寂，两人不知道发生了什么事：或者美军投降了，或者英军战败了。心里忐忑不安。,第二天天刚蒙蒙亮，两人就怀着急切的心情，来到甲板，看美军旗帜是否还在飘扬。四段歌词，就是写两人早晨的行为和心情。,四小节关系,第一小节是个问题,老医生问：你看见国旗了吗？,第二小节是回答问题,看见了！,第三小节是嘲讽英军,这帮土匪跑哪里去了？,第四小节是展望未来,我们一定战无不胜,第,1,小节：你看见国旗了吗？,Oh!,say,1,can you see,by the dawns early light,What so proudly we hail,ed,4,at the,twilight,s,2,last gleaming?Whose broad stripes and bright stars,through the perilous fight,Oer the,ramparts,we watched,3,were so gallantly streaming?And the rockets red glare,the bombs bursting in air,Gave proof thro the night that our flag was still there.Oh!say,does that star-spangled banner yet wave,Oer the land of the free and the home of the brave?,1,used to express surprise,get attention,etc.,2,是暮光,3,是城墙，不是碉堡,4,确实是过去时,第,2,小节：看见了！,On the shore,dimly seen thro the mist of,the deep,1,Where the,foe,s,2,haughty,3,host,in dread silence,reposes,4,What is that which the breeze,oer the,towering steep,.As it,fitfully,blows,half conceals,half discloses,5,?Now it catches the gleam of the mornings first beam,In full,glory reflected,6,now shines on the,stream,7,Tis,the Star Spangled Banner.Oh!long may it waveOer the land of the free and the home of the brave!,1,the deep,：,a poetic term for the ocean,2,指英军,3,arrogant,4,to lie or be at rest,as from work,activity,etc.,5,主语是,breeze,6,reflected glory(=glory because of someone elses success):,7,气流？溪水？,a current or flow of air,gas,or the like,8,句子结构,第,3,小节：嘲讽英军,And where is that,band,1,who so,vauntingly,2,sworeThat the havoc of war and the battles confusionA home and a country should leave us no more,u3,?Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps pollution.No refuge could save the,hireling,4,and,slave,From the terror of flight,or the gloom of the grave,And the Star Spangled Banner in triumph doth waveOer the land of the free and the home of the brave.,1,a group of persons living outside the law:a renegade band.,指英军,2,To speak boastfully of;brag about.,3,should leave us no more a home and a country,4,雇佣兵,第,4,小节：展望未来,Oh!thus be it ever,when freemen shall standBetween their loved homes and the wars desolation,1,Blest with victory and peace,may the Heaven-rescued landPraise the,Power,2,that hath made and preserved us a nation.Then,conquer,3,we must,for our cause is just,And this be our motto-In God is our trust.And the Star Spangled Banner in triumph doth waveOer the land of the free and the home of the brave.,1,http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starship_Troopers,2,God;,3,to be victorious.,如何理解难点,英英词典,有些通过英英词典可以解决，如,stream,hail,rampart,the deep,reflected glory,等,网站,词典解决不了的，要反复查找背景知识，并借助他人的分析，如：,原文,Twilight,On the shore,dimly seen thro the mist of,the deep,Where,the foes haughty,host,in dread silence reposes,古诗今译,Over there on the shore,hardly seen through the misty haze from,the water,Where this,ship,of the arrogant enemy waits in dreadful silence,http:/ deep,noun S LITERARYthe sea or the ocean,如何理解难点,原文：,when freemen shall,stand,Between,their loved homes and the wars desolation,WIKI,资料,:,There was a two-year debate in the Proceedings of the Institute for Twenty-First Century Studies(PITFCS)that was sparked by a comparison between a quote in Starship Troopers that,the noblest fate that a man can endure is to place his own mortal body between his loved home and wars desolation,36,(pa
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