词汇学遣词法

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,English Translation,双语学院,陈影,“,No brick,no construction;,no word,no composition.,”,判断词义,1.,通过查阅工具书,Official,sanction,has not yet been given.,尚未获得正式,批准,。,The British and the French imposed,sanctions,on Italy in 1935.,英法两国在,1935,年对意大利实施,制裁,。,2.,通过分析句子、句群的语法结构来判断语义,3.,通过分析上下文逻辑关系、篇章的整体效果等来判断词义,Translation Techniques-Diction,By diction we mean the proper choice,of words and phrases in the translation,process to fit the context.,I,caught,a boy stealing apples from the garden.,误译：当一个男孩儿偷园里的苹果时，我抓住了他。,改译：我撞见一个男孩儿偷园里的苹果。,Sorry,I didnt quite,catch,what you said.,对不起，我没有怎么抓住你说的话。,对不起，我没有听清你说的话。,Your back looks sore-youve really,caught,the sun.,误译：你后背红了,-,你真的抓住太阳了。,改译：你后背红了,-,今天真晒坏了。,The house is very cheap.There must be a,catch,somewhere.,误译：这所房子非常便宜，这里面一定有某地,方抓住了。,改译：这所房子非常便宜，这里面一定有蹊跷。,develop a habit,养成习惯,develop a plan,制定计划,develop ones competence,提高能力,develop a new instrument,研制新仪器,develop an interest,产生兴趣,develop new varieties,培养新品种,develop a method,研究一种方法,develop heavy industry,发展重工业,轧钢厂,rolling mill,钢铁厂,iron and steel works,机床厂,machine tool plant,发电厂,power station,修理厂,repair shop,造船厂,shipyard,酒厂,distillery,铸造厂,foundry,制革厂,tannery,1.,词性体现词义,Take the cart,back,to the,back,yard and,back,it into the shed at the,back,of the stable.,把牛车拉,回后,院，再把它,倒,到牛棚,后面的,小屋去。,He had no,stomach,to follow us.,他不,想,跟我们走。,I cant,stomach,this job any longer.,这工作我再也,受,不了啦。,The shop assistant is ready to,foot,up the,account.,售货员准备,结算,这项账目。,This quiet room,became,them perfectly.,这个安静的小房间对他们挺,合适,。,2.,词的搭配体现词义,You cant,build,a ship,a bridge or a house,if you dont know how to make a design or,how to read it.,不会制图或看不懂图纸，就不可能,造,船、,架,桥,或,盖,房子。,The new publicity manager is really,on the ball,.,新的宣传部主任确实,很内行,。,He,has the ball at his feet,when informed of a,face-to-face interview by the multinational,corporation.,当那家跨国公司通知他面试时，他就有了被录用,的,好机会,。,3.,词的使用场合体现词义,It has no,counterpart,in the world.,举世无双。,The U.S.Congress is the,counterpart,of the,British Parliament.,美国的国会相当于英国的议会。,Pushing or pulling,however,does not,necessarily mean doing,work,.,然而，推或拉为未必意味着,作功,。,The,works,of these watches are all home-produced,and wear well.,这些表的,机件,均系国产，耐磨性好。,4.,名词的“数”体现词义,The accident did a lot of,damage,to the car.,这一事故把汽车,损坏,得很厉害。,The court awarded$5,000 in,damages,to the,injured man.,法院判给伤者,5000,美元,赔偿费,。,She was carrying a book under her,arm,.,她腋下挟着一本书。,He rushed to her,arms,.,他投入她的,怀抱,。,Policemen on special duties may carry,arms,.,执行特种任务的警察可以携带,武器,。,Equivalence between English and Chinese at word level,Word-for-word correspondence,Marxism,马克思主义,Aspirin,阿司匹林,Laser,激光,One word with multiple equivalents of the same meaning,wife,：妻子、爱人、夫人、老婆、老伴、媳妇、,堂客、内人,potato,：马铃薯、洋芋、土豆、山药蛋,human being,man,people,person.,人,dog,hound,spaniel,mastiff,pointer,setter,retriever,terrier.,犬,One Word with Several Equivalents of Different Meanings,Cousin,堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、表姐、,表妹、,President,总统、总裁、主席、董事长、议长、会长、社,长、校长,Carry,搬、运、送、提、挑，担、抬、背，扛、搂、,抱、端、举、夹、捧,walk,saunter,amble,stride,trudge,shamble,prance,tiptoe,走,machine,engine,plane,aircraft.,机,sheep,goat,ram,ewe,lamb.,羊,Words without equivalents,teenager,13,至,19,的青年,prey,被捕食的猎物,clock-watcher,老是看钟点等下班的人,Techniques of Translating a Given English Word,英语词语翻译技巧,Deduction,演绎法,Boomera person born in the marked rise in birthrate(as in the US immediately following the end of World War II),生育高峰期出生的人,Win-win beneficial to all in some way,双赢,Transplant,移植法,Bandwidth,带宽,blue tooth,蓝牙,microwave,微波,supermarket,超级市场,Splashdown,溅落,white-collar,白领,Extension,引申法,bottleneck,瓶颈,-,交通峡口,-,阻塞,brain trust,脑托拉斯,-,智囊团,brain drain,脑排干,-,人才外流,-,人才流失,ecstasy(an illegal drug),入迷,-,摇头丸,It is more than transient,everydayness,.,这远非一时的柴米油盐问题。,Substitution,代替法,to,kill sb.as an example,杀一,儆百,(,杀鸡给猴看,),Please,withhold,the handout,请,不要发,这些材料。,He was indeed a good,riddance,.,他还是,不在,的好。,Explanation,释义法,togetherness,不分彼此的集体感,swan song,绝唱，辞世之作，归天之作,a throwaway society,一个大手大脚、浪费成风的社会,Combination(,合并法,),so subtle and careful an observer,一位如此精细的观察者,his mendacity and dishonesty,他的狡诈,a grim and tragic Christmas,一个惨淡的圣诞节,Transliteration(,音译法,),Wall Street,华尔街,The Times,泰晤士报,hacker,黑客,Pentium,奔腾,(,计算机微处理器,),Citroen,雪铁龙,(,汽车商标,),clone,克隆,Internet,因特网,Pictographic translation,图形法,H-beam,工字梁,O-ring,环形圈,Thank you for your attention!,