科技英语概论

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Specialized English for Automation College,自动化学院专业英语,唐炜,2010,年,9,月,Lecture 1 Introduction,引言,1.1,什么是专业英语,普通英语,（,Common English,Ordinary English,）,科技英语（,English for Science and Technology,）,专业英语,（,English for Special Science and Technology,）,是结合各自专业的科技英语,有很强的专业性，涉及的面更加狭窄，与专业内容配合更为密切。,隶属于科技英语,是科技英语的一部分，以表达科技概念、理论与事实为主要目的。遵守科技英语的,语法体系,和,翻译方法,;,特别,注重客观事实和真理,，表达,准确、精练和正式,。,专业英语与科技英语既有区别又有联系。专业英语的学习需要有一个,良好的科技英语基础,，同时也要,注意其自身的词汇特点、语法特点、修辞特点和翻译特点,等等。,1.2,学习专业英语的重要性,(1),科研信息获取,(2),研究成果展示,(3),国际交流合作,当前大部分资料都可以通过互联网传播，而这些资料中,90,以上都是英语。,世界上科技情报资料的交流主要靠使用英语,对于自动化相关专业来说，绝大部分专业资料和信息都是以英语形式出观。,专业英语阅读能力,申请专利,发表学术论文：,85,以上的科技资料都是以英语形式出版的,专业英语写作能力,专业英语表达、听说、应变能力,Lecture 2 Features of Specialized English,专业英语的特点,2.1 Grammar Features,客观性（,Objective,）,、,准确性（,accuracy,）,和,精练性,(conciseness),。,(1),广泛使用被动语态,(2),广泛使用非谓语形式,(3),省略句使用频繁,(4),It,句型和祈使句使用频繁,(5),复杂长句使用频繁,(6),后置形容词短语作定语多,语法特点,(1),广泛使用被动语态,2.1 Grammar Features,主体,多为客观的事物、现象和过程，在叙述推理过程中切忌加进作者个人的主观臆断；,中心,是客观现象及事物本身，而非动作的发出者，把论证说明的对象置于句子主语的位置，既能突出中心，又能吸引读者的注意。,(,客观性,),1)Electricity can,be measured,in amount and quality.,电可以用数量和质量来度量。,2)Instrument transformers,are installed,on the high-voltage equipment.,互感器安装在高压设备上,2.1 Grammar Features,3)Electric power,is generated,in power generating stations or plants.,电能是在发电站或发电厂产生的,4)The meters,are calibrated,and the scale,is designed,to read the value of the desired unit.,这些仪表可以被校准并且设计了不同的量程，以便读出期望的数值。,5)Electrical energy can,be stored,in two metal plates separated by an insulation medium.Such a device,is called,a capacitor,and its ability to store electrical energy,is termed,capacitance.It,is measured,in Farads.,电能可以储存在被一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属板中，这样的装置被称为电容器，它储存电能的能力就被称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。,2.1 Grammar Features,(2),广泛使用非谓语形式,非谓语动词在句子中可以起到名词，形容词或副词作用，动词的非谓语形式分为,动名词,分词,动词不定式,。,动名词,用动名词短语取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句,The signal should be filtered before it is amplified.,2)An object becomes hot.It is placed in the sun.,Once,being placed,in the sun,an object becomes hot.,物体放置在太阳下会变热。,The signal should be filtered before,being amplified,.,放大信号前，应先对其进行滤波,(,精炼,),2.1 Grammar Features,3)We must do various experiments before a new electronic product is designed.,Before,designing,a new electronic product we must do various experiments.,在设计一个新的电子产品之前，我们必须做各种实验,用动名词短语做主语,4),Changing resistance,is a method for controlling the flow of the current.,改变电阻是控制电流的一种方法,5),Conducting electricity,means the flow of electrons through an object.,传导电流意味着电子在物体内的流动,2.1 Grammar Features,分词,过去分词,短语替代从句中的,被动语态,现在分词,短语替代从句中的,主动语态,The power supply,which is shown in block-diagram in Fig.1,is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.,The power supply,shown,in block-diagram in Fig.1 is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.,图,1,中用框图表示的电源是一个单相开关逆变器。,2.1 Grammar Features,2)A three-phase circuit,as it was pointed out above,is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.,A three-phase circuit,as,pointed out,above,is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.,正如上面所指出的那样，三相电路只不过是三个单相电路的组合。,3)The transistor,which is working with correctly polarities,can work as an amplifier.,The transistor,working,with correctly polarities can work as an amplifier.,工作于正确电源极性下的晶体管，作用就像放大器。,2.1 Grammar Features,不定式,用不定式短语来替代表示,目的和功能,的从句或语句,(1)The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger so that the increasing demand of electric power is satisfied.,The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger,to satisfy,the increasing demand of electric power.,单台发电机的容量越来越大，目的就是满足不断增长的用电需求。,(2)What does a fuse do?It protects a circuit.,The function of a fuse is,to protect,a circuit.,保险的作用就是保护电路。,2.1 Grammar Features,(3),省略句使用频繁,省略成分：,状语从句中的主语、全部或部分谓语,；,定语从句中的关系代词,which,和,that,、从句中的助词,等；还,常用介词短语替代从句,。,1)If,it is,possible,the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.,If possible,the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.,2)As,illustrated,in Fig.1,there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.,As in Fig.1,there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.,就像图,1,所示的那样，这个闭环系统中有一个反馈元件。,可能的话，这个系统应该使用开环控制方法。,(,精炼,),2.1 Grammar Features,3)The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system,which has,two circuits in it.,The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system,with,two circuits in it.,这个装置包括一个互感器和一个有两个电路的继电器系统。,As already discussed,前已讨论,As explained before,前已解释,As described above,如上所示,If possible(necessary),如果可能（必要）,其他常用的省略形式：,If so,倘若如此,As previously mentioned,前已提到,When needed(necessary,feasible),必要时,Where feasible,在实际可行的场合,Where possible,在可能的情况下,2.1 Grammar Features,(4),It,句型,和,祈使句,使用频繁,It,句型：,it,充当形式主语，避免句子“头重脚轻”,It is very important(possible,necessary,natural,inevitable)to,It takes very much time learning,It is clear(possible,necessary,natural,inevitable)that,It happened that,It must be admitted that,祈使句,:,无主语，精炼。,Let A be equal to B.,设,A,等于,B,。,Consider a high-pressure chamber.,假如有一个高气压气候室。,（准确、精炼）,2.1 Grammar Features,(5),复杂长句使用频繁,1)It has been mentioned above,that,the electrons in a me