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单击此处编辑标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Cardiac Ultrasound Technology and,Mitral,Valvuloplasty,HE,Yihua, LI,Zhian,Beijing,Anahen,Hospital, Capital Medical University,Mitral,apparatus,：,annulus,、,leaflets,、,chordae,tendineae,、,papillary muscle,Saddle shape of annulus,，,the highest point in the,antero,-posterior,，,the lowest point in the medial-lateral,Carpentier,anatomic description,Three orders of,chodae,tendineae,Anatomy of MV,Echo features of RMS,Most common in the adult,（,99%,）,Thickened leaflets; adhesion of,commissure,;,contraction of,chordae,tendineae,Secondary calcification,（,most in the edge,）,Multiple leaflets involved,正常,Mitral,valve thickening,、,calcification,、,restricted motion,PML,and AML:,equidirectional,motion; city wall changes,Decreased EF-slope,（,non-specific finding,）,M-mode “A” peak wave disappeared,Doming sign,Echo diagnostic key points of balloon,mitral,valvuloplasty,Severity of MS,MVA5mmHg,Severity of MR,Combined valve disease or anomaly,Mitral,valve conditions,Degree of mobility and calcification,No,commissure,calcification,No,subvalvular,chordal,shortening,At rest: SPAP,50mmHg,At stress:,PGmean,15mmHg,SPAP,60mmHg,Echo evaluation for MR,Etioloty,Severity,Location,Secondary changes,LV function,Echo key point for therapeutic determination,Etiology vs. therapeutic planning,Rheumatic,Ischemic,Mitral,prolapse,Chordal,rupture,Myxomatous,degeneration,Valve replacement,Excision of PML,Chordal,replacement,Artificial,chordae,Edge to edge repair,LV reconstruction,Annuloplasty,Echo diagnosis for etiology of,mitral,diseases,Classification and Etiology,Normal Leaflet,Motion,Restricted Leaflet Motion,Excess Leaflet,Motion,TYPE,Normal Leaflet Motion,Normal,valvular,motion,Leaflet perforation or Cleft valve,TYPE,Excess Leaflet Motion,Myxomatous,degeneration,Lack of fibrous framework,Chordal,rupture,Chordal,rupture,Chordal,ruptrue,Flail motion,Eccentric regurgitation,Mitral,prolapse,MVP :,Eccentric regurgitation,Valve degeneration,Valve degeneration,CVMD,PCVMD,Fiber loss of elastic tissue disease,Calcification,SCVMD,PHVMD,definition,：,Descripted,firstly by,Rippe,et al in 1980,P,athologies,MD in the fibrous layer,Dissolve,Rupture,Mucopolysaccharide,Protein accumulation,No calcification,No severe fibrosis,Predominantly involved,mitra,valve,Echo findings,Valve,Thickness,Redundancy,Floppy,Billowing or ballooning,Prolapse,Secondary changes,：,Regurgitation,chordal,rupture,Myxomatous,degeneration,Combined,valvular,involvement,Thickening, floppy, redundancy of,mitral,valve,Evalve,MitraClip,Deploy,Position and Grasp,TYPE,Restricted Leaflet,Motion(RLM,),RLM,RHD,Papilary,muscle displacement,Valvular,disease per se,Symmetric DCM,Dissymetric,IMR,Coronary,Sinus,Reshaping,Coronary Sinus,Annuloplasty,-Edwards Monarch,-Cardiac,DimensionsCarillon,-,Viacor,PTMA*,Direct Annulus,Plication,-,Mitralign,-Guided Delivery Systems,Posterior,Annular,Reshaping,Coronary Sinus-,Atrial,Reshaping,Left Ventricular Shape Change,-,Myocor,(Surgical/,Perc,),Trans-,Atrial,Shape Change,-Ample PS,3,System,Device,Schematic,Mechanism,LV,Antero,-,Posterior,Reshaping,Current,Percutaneous,Technology for Functional MR,Implants consist of two,epicardial,pads connected by a flexible sub-,valvular,chord,Surgical device=,Intrapericardial,device,Mitral,valve,Right Ventricle,Anterior Pad,Sub-,valvular,chord,Left Ventricle,Posterior Pad,Coapsys,Implant,iCoapsys,Implant,Myocor,Transpericardial,Mitral,Repair,Myocor,Transpericardial,Mitral,Repair,Courtesy of Wes Pederson, Abbott, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Echo diagnosis for location of,mitral,diseases,Echo diagnosis for location of,mitral,diseases,TEE,TEE,Echo diagnosis for location of,mitral,diseases,TEE,Echo diagnosis for location of,mitral,diseases,3-Dimensional echo and,intraoperative,findings,Echo diagnosis for location of,mitral,diseases,Echo quantification for severity of,mitral,disease,Q,uantification of MR,Jet length: ,、,、,、,Quantification of MR,PISA method,ERO = (2r,2,x V,PISA,),/ MR-,V,maxv,RV = ERO X MR,TVI,Quantification of MR,Development of 3D Echo,Intraoperative,location,Study of annular function,Study of ERO,Signification of studying annular morphology,Functional MR,Organic MR,Changes of annular morphology and function,Optimal surgical procedure,Current status of,mitral,annular study,Radioactive material labeled,Animal experiment,Invasive study,Measurement variables,Height,Projection area,M-A,Antero,-posterior diameter,Longitudinal Displacement and velocity of annulus,IMR,MVP,Annulus flattened,、,increased,Antero,-posterior diameter,穹隆体积增加,No obvious change of annular shape,Dynamic change of 3D-MVA,During a cardiac cycle,0.00,0.18,0.36,0.72,0.90,3D analysis of,mitral,valve,Coaptation,area and index,Coaptation,index,=,Surface area in early diastole,Surface area in late systole,Surface area in early diastole,Coaptation,area,Coaptation,area and index,Coaptation,area and index,Quantification of tenting volume,Intraoperative,monitoring,Complications of,annuloplasty,Residual MR,Residual or new MS,SAM,or prosthetic strut protrusion with LVOT obstruction,Left or right ventricular dysfunction,Coronary occlusion from,annuloplasty,or valve ring suture,Pseudoaneurysm,formation at site of,debridement,of,mitral,annular calcification,Shunts related,endocarditis,AR secondary to suture placement or annular distortion,Embolism events,3D TEE Pre-Procedure,After anesthesia,B,efore anesthesia,Evaluation for MR at different status,
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