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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The Attributive Clause,定语从句,定语从句类型,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause,限制性定语从句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause,非限制性定语从句,Revision,the usage of the,relative pronoun,（关系代词的用法）,关系代词,指代,在,定语从句中所充当的,成,分,人,物,句子,主语,宾语,定语,who,whom,which,that,whose,The relative adverb (,关系副词）,Referring to,Function in the clause,w,hen,(=at / in/ on/during which),w,here,(=in/ at /on which),w,hy,(= for which),time,时间状语,place,地点状语,reason,原因状语,the usage of the,relative adverb,（关系副词的用法）,(,一般情况,),可以与,介词,+,关系代词,替换,介词,+,关系代词,“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，,关系代词只能用,which（指物）或whom(指人)，,即介词+which/whom,.,关系代词前介词的确定,:,小结,1,:根据,先行词,的习惯搭配,小结,2,:根据定语,从句中动词,所需习惯搭配,小结,3,：根据定语,从句的意义,一先,二动,三意义,whose,引导的,从句可转换为“,of +,关系代词”型，如：,即,whose+ n.=the +n.+ of which,=of which + the + n.,whose,用法及转换形式,注意：,1.,以,the way,为先行词,的限制性定语从句通常,由,in which,或,that,引导,，,而且通常可以省略,。如：,The way,(that / in which ),he answered the questions was surprising.,他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。,I dont like the way,(that / in which,) you laugh at her.,我不喜欢你冲她的样子。,注意：,2.,当,先行词是表示场合或情况条件的词，如,: situation, case, condition,point,stage,等,，定语从句通常,where,引导,。,如：,You reach a point where medicine cant help.,你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。,限制性定语从句,逗号的魅力,non-restrictive attributive clause,品味一“翻”,She has two brothers who are working in the city.,She has two brothers, who are working in the city.,她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。,她有两个在这个城市工作的弟弟。,非限制性定语从句,构成：,+,+,关系词,先行词,She has,two brothers,（,who,are working in the city).,+,其他部分,1) Yesterday, I bought a book, _ cost me 20,yuan,.,2) Mr. Smith, _ gave a talk last week, will come again.,3) The boy, _ I talked to just now, is my uncle.,4) The king, _ legs were badly hurt, was taken to the hospital.,which,who,whom,whose,Exercise:,5) I visited Hong Kong last month, _ lived my uncles and aunts.,6) I cannot forget the time, _ I stayed in the country with those farmer.,7) _ is reported in the newspaper, the war between the two countries has stopped.,8) He came out top in the exam, _ made his family happy.,where,when,As,Exercise:,which,关系代词：,which / who / whom /,whose / as,关系副词：,when / where,非限制性定语从句中通常使用下列关系代词和副词。,关系词的指代关系,指人,指物,在定语从句中的作用,who,whom,which,whose,主语,主语宾语,定语,宾语,指代整个主句,三、关系副词（,where,when,）的指代关系,指地点,指时间,在定语从句中的作用,where,when,时间状语,地点状语,that,，,why,不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。,tip,as,引导非限制性定语从句常位于句首，指代整个的主句。常译为“正如”,介词,+which,as,引导的限制性定语从句,(1),This is the same pen,as,I lost.,This is the same pen,that,I lost.,Please compare:,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,as,引导的限制性定语从句,(2),This is,such,an interesting book _ we all like.,This is,so,interesting a book _ we all like.,This is,such,an interesting book _we all like,it,.,This is,so,interesting a book _we all like,it,.,as,that,Please complete the following sentences and compare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。,(,定语从句,),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。,(,结果状语从句,),as,的用法,as,引导的非限制性定语从句,The earth is round._ is known to all.,The earth is round,_ is known to all.,_ is known to all, the earth is round,_ is known to all,that,the earth is round.,It,which,/ as,As,It,as,具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：,as,you know/,as,you see/,as,we planned/,as,we expected,定语从句在句首时只能用,as,as,与,which,引导的非限制性定语从句,(1),as,引导非限制性定语从句，可放于,句首或句末，译为“正如,”,；而,which,引导的非限制性定语从句只能,放在主句之后,译为”这一点,”,。,(2),as,指代整个,主句,;,而,which,可指代,先行词或,整个,主句,。,eg,:,we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth,is very important to us.,The weather was sunny the following day,was,What we had expected.,I got a watch from my brother,was made in Japan.,As,which,as/which,which,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,Her brother,who is now a doctor,always encourages,her to go to college.,她那当医生的哥哥,总是鼓励她上大学。,（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥）,Her brother,who is now a doctor, always encourages,her to go to college.,她哥哥是当医生的，他总是鼓励她上大学。,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,类别,限定性定语从句,非限定性定语从句,形式,功能,意义,无逗号,有逗号,修饰,先行词,修饰,先行词,/,句子,起,限定,作用,不能省,，译成先行词的定语,“.,的”,起,补充说明,作用,可省略,，翻,译成两个句子,关系词在限制性与非限制性从句中的区别,类别,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,关系词的使用,1.,有,that,2.,作宾语时可省略,3.,指人作宾语用,that/who/whom,4.,作原因状语可用,for which,、,why,1.,无,that,2.,作宾语不可省,3.,指人作宾语只 能用,whom,4.,作原因状语只能用,for which,Comparision,:,1.The pen,(that/which),he bought yesterday is very expensive.,2. The pen ,which,he bought yesterday, is very expensive.,3. Do you know the boy,(who/whom/that),we talked about just now?,4. Do you know the boy,whom,we talked about just now?,5. He gave me the reason,why/for which,he late for school.,6. He gave me the reason,for which,he late for school.,当我们做非限制性定语从句的练习时，往往先确定先行词，然后再分析先行词在从句中的作用，再对关系词加以选择。,整理一番,尝试篇,non-restrictive attributive clause,错漏“摆”出,People are excited to meet,Zhai,Zhigang, he was the first Chinese to walk in space .,Many Chinese will never forget May 12th,2008, when a big earthquake happened in Sichuan then.,Which is shown on TV, many children suffered a lot from the polluted milk.,he,who,then,去掉,Which,As,错漏“摆”出,Lin,Hao,is a hero, who we should learn.,China got the most gold medals in the Olympics , that makes people excited.,I dream of going to Beijing, which the 29th Olympic Games was held.,who,from whom,that,which,which,Where/ in which,Who we should learn from,小试牛刀篇,non-restrictive attributive clause,competition,Exercises,2. Beijing,_ is the capital,of,China,has a very long history.,which,3. _ is known to all, he is the best student.,As,4. The young man had a new girl friend,_,is a pop star,.,who,1.Hangzhou is a beautiful city, _ people,Visit the famous West Lake.,Where,In which,5. I should thank my teacher, with _help, I solved the problem.,Exercises,whose,6.He once worked on the Birds Nest, _,_ his son is proud.,of,which,惜时再现,1.,非限制性定语从句的构成；,2.,关系代词,which,，,whose,，,whom,，,who,，,as,的用法；,关系副词,where,，,when,的应用；,禁用：,_, _,3. as,与,which,引导非限制性定语从句的异同点,;,4.,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,.,that,why,Summary,
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