教育专题：Unit1Section1

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,返回导航,英语 必修,1,课堂学案,Unit 1,Friendship,Friendship,Unit 1,牵 手 课 堂,Angel hero:Anne Frank,Anne Frank was born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1929. In 1933 Anne and her family were forced to move to Holland where Hitler had not taken over completely. The Jewish community had eight rules to follow. They werent allowed to travel or drive; they had to stay inside doors after 8：00 p.m., no cinemas, no theaters, no sporting events, no visiting Christians, and staying in their own schools with no mixing.,Anne and her family had to go into hiding to escape from the Nazis. Anne had a hard time trusting in anybody until she received a diary in which she said,“I hope I will be able to confide(吐露) everything to you, as I have never been able to confide in anyone, and I hope you will be a great source of comfort and support.” Anne named her diary “Kitty”, and “Kitty” became her best friend, her only companion, the one place where she could tell her deepest thoughts and frustrations(挫折).,Even though Anne died in the concentration camp, her story lives on. All along she shows her bravery and courage accepting her misery. This is why a hero defines her well.,天使英雄：安妮,弗兰克,安妮弗兰克于1929年出生于德国的法兰克福。1933年安妮和她的家人被迫搬到希特勒还没有完全占据的荷兰。犹太人社区有八项必须遵守的规定。不允许他们旅行或开车；晚上8点以后必须待在家里；不能看电影，不能去剧院，不能参加体育活动，不能拜访基督徒，以及只能上完全是犹太人的学校。,安妮和她的家人不得不躲藏起来以逃避纳粹分子。安妮有一段时间很难相信任何人，直到她收到一本日记本，在日记中，她写道：“我希望我能够向你倾吐一切，因为我从来没有向谁倾诉过。我希望你是安慰和支持我的巨大源泉。”安妮给她的日记起了“基蒂”的名字，“基蒂”成为她最好的朋友、唯一的伙伴，一处她可以把自己最深的感悟以及懊恼倾吐的地方。,尽管安妮死于集中营里，她的故事却流传了下来，流传下来的还有她接受不幸所表现出的勇敢和勇气。这就是为什么“英雄”是给她的最好诠释。,Section ,Warming Up and Reading,栏目导航,课前教材预案,课堂深度拓展,课后限时作业,课末随堂演练,. Decide whether the following statements are True or False.,1.In Annes eyes, a best friend is someone who can help you when you are in trouble.( ),2.Anne and her family hid away for about two years before being caught by Nazis.( ),3.Anne lived a frightening and unsafe life in Amsterdam during World War .( ),课前教材预案,F,T,T,4.Anne mentioned two evenings in her diary because she could not sleep well during evenings at wartime.( ),5.Anne was crazy about everything to do with nature because she loved nature but she couldnt see it face to face.( ),F,T,.Scan the text and choose the best answer according to the text.,1.The story mainly tells us that,_,.,A.Annes best friend was a girl called Kitty,B.Anne set down what had happened in her diary,C.Anne kept diaries in her hiding place and she treated her diary as her best friend,D.Anne admired nature very much and often stayed up late to watch the moon through the windows,答案：,C,2.Anne made her diary her best friend,_,.,A.because she wanted to tell everything like feelings and thoughts to it,B.because she had no friends and no parents,C.because she was a shy and lonely girl,D.because she liked keeping a diary,答案：,A,3.What made Anne crazy about nature was that,_,.,A.she was interested in nature,B.she had no friend,C.she could do nothing but watch nature,D.she couldnt get outdoors for a long time,答案：,D,4.Anne thought it no pleasure looking at nature through the curtains because_ .,A.the curtains were dirty and make her feel unpleasant,B.the curtains stopped her from seeing nature clearly,C.nature was really something that must be experienced,D.what she could see through the curtains was limited,答案：,C,.Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese.,1.You will tell him/her that he/she should have studied, so you dont let him/her look at your paper.,你会告诉他/她，他/她本来应当好好学习的，因此你不让他/她看你的试卷。,2.Its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.,因为长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。,3.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.,我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我如此心醉神迷过。,4.It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.,这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。,.Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the text,.,Anne was a Jewish girl. During World War , she and her family had to hide 1._ from being discovered by the German Nazis. It was because she was indoors for so long 2._ she felt crazy 3._ nature outdoors. During that time she 4._(keep) a diary and had to regard the diary 5._ her only friend, because she thought the diary was a friend 6._ she could tell everything to, like her deepest feelings and 7._(think). She didnt want to set down 8._ series of facts 9._ most people did. Her diary was so touching and moving that some movies were made later 10._(base) on it and moreover it helps us know more about the history of that time.,away,that,about,kept,as,whom,thoughts,a,as,based,Point,upset,adj,.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的(常作表语),课堂深度拓展,考点一单词点击,be upset about/by/at (doing) sth.为心烦意乱/难过/不安,be upset+that从句 让人心烦意乱/难过/不安,I,was greatly upset about/by/at,the news.,听到那个消息，我感到很不安。,We,are upset that,it is always raining.,让我们心烦的是天总是下雨。,vt,.(1)使不安；使心烦；使(肠胃)不适,upset sb.使某人感到不安/心烦,It upset(s) sb.to do sth./that让某人不安/心烦/不适的是(It作形式主语),His strange behaviour,upsets his father,.,他的奇怪行为使他父亲很心烦。,It upsets us that,she is always complaining.,让我们心烦的是她总是在抱怨。,(2)打翻；碰倒；使倾覆；打乱；搅乱,upset sth.打/弄翻某物,upset a plan/an arrangement打乱计划/安排,The sudden change of the weather,upset our plan,.,天气突变打乱了我们的计划。,【注意】,upset的过去式与过去分词形式均为upset，而其现在分词形式为upsetting。,单句语法填空。,(1)He cheated in the exam, which,_,(upset) his teacher much.,(2)She felt upset,_,the news and couldnt sleep well at night.,upset,about/by/at,Point,ignore,vt,.忽视；对不予理睬；不顾,He ignored all the “No smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette.,他无视所有的“禁止吸烟”标识并点燃了一根香烟。,(1) ignorant adj.无知的；不知道的,be ignorant of/that对不了解,(2) ignorance n.U无知；愚昧,be in ignorance of sth.不知某事；对某事不了解,He,ignored the doctors advice, so he,is in ignorance of,his serious illness now; that is to say, he,is ignorant that,he is in danger now.,他不理睬医生的忠告，所以他现在不知道自己的严重病情；也就是说，他不知道自己处于危险之中。,【温馨提示】,不少以“t”结尾的形容词可以将“t”变为“ce”而成为名词，且此类名词不可数。,ignorant,adj,.无知的ignorance,n,.无知,important,adj,.重要的importance,n,.重要；重要性,distant,adj,.遥远的distance,n,.距离；远处,单句语法填空。,(1)It is dangerous,_,(ignore) the traffic lights.,(2)He was driving very fast because he was in,_,(ignore) of the speed limit.,to ignore,ignorance,Point,calm,(1),v,.(使)平静；(使)镇定,calm down(,vi,.)平静下来；镇定下来,calm sb./sth.down(,vt,.)使某人(物)平静下来,He took a deep breath to,calm himself down,.,他深呼吸一口气以使自己平静下来。,(2),adj,.镇静的；沉着的,Her voice was surprisingly calm.,她的声音出人意料的平静。,keep/remain/stay calm保持平静,calmly,adv,.安静地；平静地；冷静地,calmness,n,.安静；冷静；沉着,calm, quiet, still与silent,calm“平静的，沉着的”，指无风浪或人的心情不激动。,quiet“宁静的，安静的”，指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没,有烦恼、忧虑。,still“静止的，不动的”，指没有运动或静止的状态。,silent“寂静的，沉默的，不出声的”，指没有声音或不讲话。,You should keep calm even in face of danger.,即使面对危险，你也应当保持平静。,His health has turned all the better for him after a quiet holiday abroad.,在国外度过了一个安静的假期，他的健康状况有所好转。,The room was still at the end of the speech.,演讲结束的时候，房间里寂静无声。,He was silent for a moment, then began his answer.,他沉默了一会儿，然后开始回答。,单句语法填空。,(1)It is very important,_,(stay) calm when the earthquake breaks out.,(2)He never speaks,_,(calm)just shouts at the top of his voice all the time.,(3)Tony, calm,_,and think it over before you make a decision.,to stay,calmly,down,Point,concern,(1),vt,.使关心；使担忧；使挂念(后常跟介词about或with)；,涉及；与有关系(后常跟介词with),concern oneself about/with关心/担忧/挂念,Every teacher should,concern himself/herself about,the students study.,每位老师都应关心学生们的学习。,Dont,concern yourself with,other peoples affairs.,别干涉他人的事。,with concern关切地,feel/show concern about/for/over对表示关心/担心,none of sb.s concern与无关,(2),n,.C,U担心；关注；(利害)关系C重要的事情,That accident was,none of my concern,.,我与那起事故无关。,(1)concerned adj.有关的，涉及的；担心的，担忧的,be concerned about/for担心/关心(相当于be worried about),be concerned with/in涉及/与相关,as far asis concerned就而言(相当于in ones opinion,常用在写作中，以发表自己的见解),(2)concerning prep.涉及，关于(相当于about),The book,is primarily concerned with,SovietAmerican relations during the Cold War.,这本书主要讲的是冷战时期的苏美关系。,As far as Im concerned, Friday would be more convenient.,就我而言，周五会更方便一些。,单句语法填空。,(1)You may look through a book, reading only those passages here and there,_,(concern) you. This may help you get useful information.,(2)As far as I,_,(concern), you can do what you like.,(3)Concerned,_,her safety, we decided to go with her.,concerning,am concerned,about/for,Point,loose,adj,.松的；未系着的；无束缚的,He wore a long, loose coat.,他穿着一件长而宽松的外衣。,I bought these loose cookies.,我买了这些散装的饼干。,a loose tooth一颗松动的牙齿,get/break loose(=get free)挣脱束缚；获得自由,come/become loose变得松动,let/set/turnloose释放；放任自由行动,The farmers horse,got loose, and he had to catch it.,农夫的马跑了，他得追上它。,lose与loose,(1)lose是动词，表示“丢失，失去”。其过去式和过去分词都为lost，现在分词为losing,第三人称单数为loses，名词为loss。,(2)loose是形容词，作定语。,A few days before our first concert I got a cold and,lost my voice,.,我们第一次开音乐会的前几天，我得了感冒，嗓子哑了。,Job losses,were common in the 1980s.,在20世纪80年代，失业是很普遍的。,单句语法填空。,(1)The book is,_,(loose) based on his happy childhood with his friends.,单句改错。,(2)I shouldnt have had so much chocolate. One of my teeth is getting lose .,loosely,loose,考点二短语诠释,Point,add up,合计；加起来,add up to 共计；总计为；结果是,add A to B/add A and B 在B中加入A/把A和B加起来,add to (=increase)(数量、规模)增加；增添,Add up 3, 5 and 8,and you will get 16.,把3，5和8相加，得出的总数是16。,The bills,add up to,exactly 1,000.,这些账单加起来正好1 000英镑。,Will you,add,more sugar,to,your coffee?,你的咖啡要多加些糖吗？,Fireworks,added to,the attraction of the festival night.,烟花使节日的夜晚更加美丽。,单句语法填空。,(1)Add,_,all the numbers and youll get the result.,(2)With his reward added,_, his total income still amounts to no more than 1,000,yuan,a month.,up,to,单句改错。,(3)The time I spend in travelling every day adds up three hours.,to,Point 2,go through,(1),经历；经受,(,多指痛苦的事情,),Our parents,went through,a hard life when they were young.,我们的父母年轻时经历了艰难的生活。,(2),仔细检查；审查,She,went through,the company,s accounts,looking for evidence of fraud.,她仔细审核公司的账目，查找欺诈行为的证据。,(3),通过,(,指法案等通过，为不及物动词短语,),The law didn,t,go through,at the meeting.,会上该法律没有通过。,(4),浏览；翻阅,We spent several days,going through,all related reference materials.,我们花了几天时间查阅了所有的相关资料。,(5),完成,(,常与,with,连用,),I can,t,go through,with this performance. Im so nervous.,我无法完成这场表演，我太紧张了。,get through完成；通过(考试)；到达；讲清楚；打通电话,When you get through with your work, let,s go out.,你完成工作后，我们出去吧。,I rang you several times but couldn,t get through.,我给你打了几次电话，可是都没打通。,【,名师点津,】,through,可作副词和介词，意思是“从头到尾”，因此大部分“动词,+through,”,型短语都含有“完成，通过”之类的意思，比如,go through(,通过,), get through(,完成,),，,pull through(,渡过难关,),，,see through(,看穿,),，,break through(,突破,),，,look through(,从头到尾快速看，浏览,),。,单句语法填空。,(1)The country _(go) through too many wars last year.,(2)Having gone_ Toms letter, I understand how difficult it is for him to make such great progress.,went,through,Point,set down,(1),记下；写下,He decided to,set down,the facts.,他决定写下事实。,(2),放下,The young lady,set down,a large vase on the table.,那位年轻的女士将一个大花瓶放在了桌上。,(3),登记,How shall I,set myself down,in the hotel register?,在旅馆的登记簿上，我应如何登记自己的身份呢？,用,set down,的适当形式填空。,(1)The police asked him _ what he had seen in a report.,(2)What a pity!The car ran out of sight before I _ its number.,to set down,could set down,(3)The doctor focused his attention on _ the patients records and didnt notice the time came for an operation.,setting down,a series of,一系列；一连串；一套,At the end of every term, the students have to take part in,a series of,exams.,每到期末，学生们都不得不参加一连串的考试。,She was tired, but she still had,a series of,meetings to attend.,她很累，但她还有一系列的会议要参加。,Every night we sat on the sofa, watching,the TV series,.,每天晚上我们都坐在沙发上看电视连续剧。,I bought,a series of,Harry Potter,.,我买了一套,哈利,波特,丛书。,series,n,.系列，连续；丛书,in series 连续地，串联,TV series 电视连续剧,the World Series 世界联赛,【,特别提醒,】,series,的单复数形式相同，类似的以,-,s,结尾的单复数同形的名词还有,means(,方式，方法,),，,species(,种，物种,),，,works(,工厂,),。当它们作主语时谓语动词的数要根据这个名词的单复数意义来确定，不由,of,后的名词来决定。当它们前面有,a, this, that,等修饰时，谓语动词常用单数形式；当它们前面有,all, these, those,等修饰时，谓语动词常用复数形式。,单句语法填空。,(1)Three series of papers _(hand) out to the students.,were handed,单句改错。,(2)A series of films about him have come out.,has,on purpose(=by design),故意地,He did it,on purpose, knowing it would annoy her.,他明知会激怒她，却故意那么做。,He went to town,on purpose,to sell one of his paintings.,他为了卖自己的一幅画特地进城去。,with the purpose of以为目的,for the purpose of (doing) sth.做某事的目的是,D,Antoni was made the chief coach of the Huston Rocket,with the purpose of,achieving better performance during the 20162017 season.,为了在,20162017,赛季取得更好的成绩，休斯敦火箭队任命德安东尼为主帅。,For the purpose of,this study, the three groups have been combined.,为了这项研究工作，这三个小组已合并。,单句语法填空。,(1)She seems to do these things _ purpose. We will never forgive her.,on,单句改错。,(2)Did you come to London for,purpose of seeing your family, or for business purposes?,the,Point,in order to(=with the aim/purpose of),为了,目的是,He has to get up early,in order to catch the first bus,.,为了赶上头班车他不得不早起。,(1)in order to表目的，可位于句首或句中；so as to“为了，以便”，也可引导目的状语，但只位于句中。它们的否定式均在to前加not。,(2)so that, in order that引导状语从句时，从句中需加情态动词may, might, could, can等，并且可以和in order to, so as to相互改写。,In order to,get a complete picture, further information is needed.,为了全面掌握情况，还需要补充资料。,She arrived early,in order to/so as to,get a good seat.,她早早到场，以便找个好位置。,Go in quietly,so as not to,wake the baby.,悄悄进去，别把宝宝吵醒了。,He works hard,so that/in order that,he can keep up with his classmates.,=He works hard,in order to/so as to,keep up with his classmates.,=,In order to,keep up with his classmates, he works hard.,为了能跟上同学，他努力学习。,【,温馨提示,】 在使用,in order to/so as to,时，不定式动作的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则使用,so that/in order that,从句。,单句语法填空。,(1)In order _(hear) clearly, the speaker raised his voice.,(2)In order _(be) late for school, he got up very early, even in winter.,to be heard,not to be,Point 7,face to face,面对面地,The burglar turned the corner and found himself f,ace to face with,a policeman.,盗贼一拐弯就与一个警察碰了个正着。,face to face在句中作状语，其作用相当于副词，常与with连用。,face,-,to,-,face意为“面对面的”，是合成形容词，中间要有连字符，在句中作定语，修饰名词。,You need a,face,-,to,-,face,communication with your son.,你需要和你儿子进行面对面的交流。,【,名师点津,】,“,名词,+,介词,+,同一名词,”,结构,(,注意：名词前均无冠词,),：,选词填空,(face to face/face-,to-face),。,(1)I have often heard of her. Actually, Ive never met her _.,(2)I think we need a _,talk so as to clear the misunderstanding.,face to face,face-,to-face,Point 8,no longer(=not,any longer),不再,I,m,no longer,a student.=Im,not,a student,any longer,.,我不再是学生了。,He,no longer,lives here.=He,doesnt,live here,any longer,.,他不再住这儿了。,no longer(=notany longer)与no more(=notany more),no longer(=notany longer)通常位于行为动词之前，be动词、助动词或情态动词之后。修饰延续性动词，如wait, live, work等，强调今昔对比。,no more(=notany more)不再，一般用于句尾或句首。指的是次数上的不再重复，即今后“再也不”，多与瞬间动词连用。,He thought the confederates must give up their weapons and promise to fight,no more,against one another.,他认为同盟必须放下他们的武器并承诺不再相互对抗。,单句改错。,(1)She not longer feared that they would misunderstand her.,(2)Mr Brown doesnt work here any long. He left about three weeks ago.,no,longer,考点三句型归纳,while,引导的状语从句,While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car,.(,教材,P,1,),当你在遛狗时，不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，然后它被一辆汽车撞了。,点拨：,句中,walk the dog,意为“遛狗”。,While walking,是状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式为,While you were walking,。,I lost everything except my watch,while (I was) living,in that hotel.,住在那家旅馆期间，除了手表外，我所有的东西都丢了。,Be careful,while (you are) crossing,the road.,过马路时要当心。,while, when, until, if, unless, though等引导的状语从句，如果其主语和主句中的主语一致且谓语含有be动词或为it is/was时，从句中的主语和be动词可以省略，且要同时省略。,When (we are) working,with the workers, we learned a lot from them.,当我们和工人们在一起工作的时候，我们从他们那儿学到了很多东西。,I,f (it is) necessary, we,ll have a meeting.,如果有必要的话，我们将举行一次会议。,单句语法填空。,(1)He found that the fingers of his grandfather trembled while _(write) the letter.,(2)When _(complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.,(3)She wont come to the party unless _(invite).,writing,completed,invited,should have done sth.,表虚拟语气,You will tell him/her that he/she,should have studied, so you dont let him/her look at your paper,.(,教材,P,1,),你会告诉他,/,她本应该努力学习，因此，你不会让他,/,她看你的试卷。,点拨,：,so,连接两个简单句，表因果关系。,should have done sth.,“,过去本应该做某事而实际没做”，表示说话人一种责备的口气，其否定形式,shouldn,t have done sth.,表示“过去本不应该做某事却做了”。,You,should have told,him about this.,你本应该告诉他这件事的。,He,shouldnt have told Tom the secret, but he meant no harm.,他本不应该告诉汤姆这个秘密的，但是他没有恶意。,“情态动词+have done”：,cant have done sth.不可能做了某事,may/might have done sth.可能做了某事,must have done sth.一定做了某事(用于肯定句),neednt have done sth.本不必做某事(而实际上做了),could have done sth.可能做了某事；本能够做某事,(而实际上没做),Mr Smith,can,t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him just now.,史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因为我刚才还见过他。,The ground is wet. It,must have rained,last night.,地面都是湿的，昨天晚上一定是下过雨。,You,neednt have woken,me up so early. I dont have to go to school today.,你没有必要这么早就把我叫醒，我今天不必去上学。,单句语法填空。,(1)I dont think you _(tell) a lie to your mother. She is so worried about your safety at this moment.,(2)He looks so sleepy. He must _(stay) up last night, reading the novel.,(3)You _(do) better, but you were too careless.,should have told,have stayed,could have done,Point 3,reason,后接定语从句的用法,Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you,.(,教材,P,2,),列出朋友对你来说很重要的原因。,点拨,：此句为祈使句，句中包含一个由,why,引导的定语从句，,reasons,是定语从句的先行词，,why,相当于,for which,，在句中作原因状语。,reason,后接定语从句的用法：,reason,作名词，意为“理由，原因”时后常接定语从句，定语从句的引导词取决于引导词在从句中所作的成分。,(1),若引导词在从句中作主语、宾语等，要用,which,或,that,，其中作宾语时引导词可省略。,The reason (which/that) you,ve given sounds reasonable.,你给出的理由听起来合情合理。,(2),若引导词在从句中作状语，要用,why,或,for which,。,The reason why/for which he was late was that he got up late.,他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。,单句语法填空。,(1)The reason _ he was driving so fast was that he was late for an important meeting.,(2)These were the reasons _ caused Andrea to sleep so soundly.,why,which/that,Point 4,I wonder if,its,because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long,that,Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature,.(,教材,P,2,),我想知道这是不是因为我长期无法出门的缘故，我开始对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。,点拨,：本句是主从复合句，,if,引导宾语从句；,it,s,that,是强调句型，,because,引导原因状语从句，是被强调的部分；,to do with nature,作后置定语，修饰,everything,。,It,s,that,强调句型,强调句型的基本结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他。该句型可对主语、宾语、表语、状语等进行强调，但不能强调谓语和定语。,It was,he,that/who bought the book in this shop yesterday.(,强调主语,he),It was,the book,that he bought in this shop yesterday.(,强调宾语,the book),It was,in this shop,that he bought the book yesterday.(,强调地点状语,in this shop),It was,yesterday,that he bought the book in the shop.(,强调时间状语,yesterday),【,特别提醒,】,使用强调句型时应注意以下几点：,(1),构成强调句的,it,本身没有词义，但不能用其他词代替。,(2),被强调部分指人时用,that/who,均可，其他情况一律用,that,。,(3),被强调部分无论是单数还是复数,it,后的,be,动词均用单数形式，即,is,或,was,。用,is,还是,was,要根据原句时态而定。属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态，用,is,；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态，用,was,。,(4),被强调部分如果是原句的主语，,who/that,之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与原句主语保持一致。,(5),强调主语或宾语且其为人称代词时，应注意其形式仍用主格或宾格形式。,(6),判断句子是否是强调句型的方法：去掉,It is/was,与,that/who,，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句型，否则不是。,It is you that/who are,too careless.,是你太粗心了。,It was she that,told me about it.,是她告诉我这件事的。,It was at midnight that,I got here yesterday.(,这里把,It was,和,that,去掉后，句子为：,I got here at midnight yesterday.,句意完整，符合语法结构，故是强调句型。,),昨天我到这里时已是午夜。,单句语法填空。,(1)It was _ until(until) he arrived at the station that he realized he had forgotten his ticket.,(2)It _(be) in the park that Tom lost his watch.,not,was,Point 5,It was the first time,in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face,(,教材,P,2,),这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚,点拨,：该句使用了,It was the first time that,句式，其中的,that,从句为定语从句，该从句用过去完成时。,