成考必考时态

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,时 态,一,.,什么叫时态,?,在英语中,发生在不同时间的谓语动作或状态要用不,同的谓语动词形式表示,;,有时候,发生在同一时间的谓语动,作或状态,由于说话者所强调的方面不同,也要用不同的谓,语动词形式表示,.,这里所说的不同的谓语动词形式就是我,们常说的不同的谓语时态,.,二,.,时态跟时间状语有关,1.,一般现在时,(often/always/sometimes/usually/,occasionally/at present/every morning),Children usually,pick,up foreign languages very,quickly.,Every day she,is,the last to leave the office.,构成法,:is/am/are,do/does,2.,一般过去时,(often/always/occasionally/5 days,ago/last week/5 days later/after 5 days/the,year before last/on July 1,1986),Often I,did not see,Papa until the evening.,He always,went,to work on foot.,I,was born,in July,1987.,3.,一般将来时,(in future/in the future/from now on /,soon/in 5 years/next year/in the 22,nd,century),In future,we,ll,pay,more attention to the protection,of our environment.,My father,will be,back home in a few days.,构成法,:,动词过去式,构成法,:will/shall,+,动词原形,(“is/am/are to+,动词原形”,或,“,is/am/are going to+,动词原形”,),4.,过去将来时,(soon/in a few days/the next week),John told me that he,would go,abroad the next day.,The government promised that help,would come,soon.,5.,现在进行时,(now/just now/at the moment),She,is feeding,the baby right now.,6.,过去进行时,(then/at 10 yesterday morning/this,time yesterday/at that time),What,were,you,doing,this time yesterday evening?,构成法,:would/should+,动词原形,构成法,:is/am/are+,动词现在分词,构成法,:was/were+,动词现在分词,7.,将来进行时,(this time tomorrow/at 8 next Monday/,when your plane lands at the airport of Shanghai),When your plane lands at the airport of Shanghai,we,will,still,be sleeping,.,8.,现在完成时,(for ten years/since five years ago/since,they got married/so far/in the past few days/in the,last 3 years/in recent years),So far,nothing,has been done,to stop polluting the,river.,Things,have changed,in recent weeks.,Mum has been ill for several days.,构成法,:will/shall be+,动词现在分词,构成法,:has/have+,动词过去分词,9.,过去完成时,(for many years/since he was born/,by 2000/by the time World War II broke out/,a few years before),By six oclock,they,had worked,twelve hours.,By the time he came back,I,had gone,to bed.,When he woke up,everything,had changed,.,10.,将来完成时,(by the end of this year/by the time I,graduate from college ),By the time I graduate from college,I,shall have,stayed,in Wuhan for four years.,构成法,:had+,动词过去分词,构成法,:will/shall have+,动词过去分词,11.,现在完成进行时,(for two hours/since 5 oclock this,morning),I,have been waiting,for you since 5 oclock this,morning.,12.,过去完成进行时,(for a long time/since 1999),How long,had,it,been raining,before you shut the,window?,构成法,:has/have been+,动词现在分词,构成法,:had been+,动词现在分词,三,.,几种容易用错的时态用法比较,在英语实际应用中,并非都会出现前面提到的时间状,语帮你决定谓语用什么时态,.,对谓语时态的考查主要,是通过语境来进行的,.,下面我们来分析、比较几种容易用,错的时态,.,1.,一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较,Yesterday afternoon,he me a picture in,oils.Now let me show it to you.,(,强调,paint,这一动作过去已做过,.,即,:,画已画好,.),Yesterday afternoon,he me a picture.,Now I m going to see whether he has finished it.,(,强调,paint,这一动作过去在进行,但未交代是否已做完,),painted,was,painting,-Why didnt you answer my phone call last night?,-Sorry,but I _ a bath.,A.took B.had taken,C.was taking D.was going to take,2.,一般现在时与现在进行时用法比较,Jane,washes,her own clothes.,(,指通常衣服都是她自己洗,),Jane,is washing,her own clothes in the bathroom.,(,强调暂时性,未完成,且未交代平时衣服是否自己洗,),The manager,is,kind to us all.,(,指经理的一贯态度,),The manager,is being,kind to us all now.,(,强调暂时性态度,表示平时对我们大家并不善良,),C,3.,一般过去时与过去完成时用法比较,客人们昨天已经离开上海,.,The guests,left,Shanghai yesterday.,(,说明,left,发生在昨天,),他说客人们已经离开上海,.,He said the guests,had left,Shanghai.,(,强调,had left,发生在,said,之前,即,:,过去的过去,),All the guests,had left,Shanghai by yesterday.,(,既然是截止到昨天,那就说明是在包括昨天在内的以前,已经陆续,“,离开,”,),4.,一般过去时与现在完成时用法比较,Oh,my God!I cant get in.I _ my key.But,I dont know when and where I _ it.,have lost /lost /had lost /must lose,(,前一个空用现在完成时强调,“,丢失,”,对现在造成的影响,:,没有找到,无法进门,;,后一句则强调,“,丢失,”,是在过去何时,何地发生的,.),四,.,时态的替代,1.,在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,要用一般时代替将,来时,即,:,用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时,代替过去将来时,用现在进行时代替将来进行时,用现,在完成时代替将来完成时,.,have lost,lost,Take the umbrella with you in case it,rains,.,-Dont allow him to watch TV unless he,has finished,his homework.,-OK.If he,is watching,TV but,hasnt finished,his,homework,Ill turn off the TV.,时间状语从句引导词,:,the moment,as soon as,when,before,after,until,条件状语从句引导词,:,once,in case,on condition that,if,unless,as long as,注意,:,当,if,表示,“,是否,”,代替,whether,和,when,表示,“,何时,”时,不能用一般时代替将来时,.,Ill tell her about it when she,comes,back.,(,时状从句,),I wont tell you when she,will come,back.,(,宾语从句,),2.no matter,加疑问词以及疑问词与,ever,构成的合成词引,出的从句中,要用一般现在时代替一般将来时,.,Wherever you,go,you will get a warm welcome.,3.,有部分动词,(,主要是短暂性动作动词,),可以用进行时代替,将来时,即,:,用现在进行时代替一般将来时,用过去进行时,代替过去将来时,.,(,也可用将来时,),Are,you,doing,anything special this evening?,=Are you going to do anything special this evening?,Im afraid he,s,dying,soon.,=Im afraid hell die soon.,I was told that she,was leaving,for New York the next day.,=I was told she would leave for New York the next day.,4.,在以下短语后面的从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将,来时,:,make sure,make certain,see to it,be sure,等,.,Please see to it that all the windows,are closed,before,leaving the lab.,5.,凡是按预定时间表将要发生的动作也可用一般现在时代,替一般将来时,例如,:,汽车、火车、轮船、飞机、上下课,等,.,(,也可用一般将