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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,*,INFANT FEEDING AND HIV,Dr KANUPRIYA CHATURVEDI,Dr.S.K.CHATURVEDI,Lesson Objectives,Understand the current global recommendations for infant feeding in context of HIV/AIDS.,Understand importance of optimal infant and young child feeding for child health,nutrition,growth,and development.,Define main options for infant feeding and benefits and risks.,Describe steps for counselling HIV-positive mothers about infant feeding.,Understand importance of postnatal follow-up and support in infant feeding.,Introduction to Infant Feeding,ARV prophylaxis administered to the mother and infant reduces MTCT,Up to 20%of infants breastfed by HIV-infected mothers are at risk of acquiring HIV,National and UN infant-feeding recommendations and guidelines can reduce MTCT,Infant Feeding and Child Survival,World Health Report(2002,),Malnutrition is an underlying cause of 60%of deaths in children under 5 years,Being underweight was associated with 3.7 million deaths in 2000,Poor feeding practices causing malnutrition and diarrhoea are a major cause of death in children,Infant Feeding and Child Survival(contd,.),Counselling and support of infant feeding,Improves feeding practices,Prevents malnutrition,Prevents HIV transmission to infants,Reduces the risk of death in children,Infant Feeding:HIV-Negative Mothers,UN Recommendations,Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months,Breastfeeding continued for 2 years or beyond,Introduction of nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods after 6 months,Information to mothers about the risk of HIV-infection late in pregnancy or during breastfeeding,Exclusive Breastfeeding,Definition,Giving an infant only breast milk,with the exception of drops or syrups consisting of vitamins,mineral supplements,or drugs,No food or drink other than breast milk,not even water,Infant Feeding:HIV-Positive Mothers,WHO Recommendations,Avoid all breastfeeding if replacement feeding is:,Acceptable,Feasible,Affordable,Sustainable&,Safe,Otherwise,exclusive breastfeeding,during the first months of life,Breast-milk Feeding Options:Exclusive Breastfeeding,Advantages,Easily digestible,Nutritious and complete,Always available,No special preparation needed,Protects from diarrhoea,pneumonia,and other infections/diseases,Promotes bonding,Disadvantages,Risk of passing HIV to baby,Requires feeding on demand,Mother requires additional calories to support breastfeeding,Guidelines for the Community,Ensure all HIV-infected mothers receive feeding counselling,Identify the range of feeding options that are acceptable,feasible,affordable,sustainable,and safe,Educate the public about MTCT,Train infant-feeding counsellors,Train peer counsellors,Support the mothers choice,Breast-milk Feeding Options:Exclusive Breastfeeding with Early Cessation,Advantage,Terminates infants exposure to HIV,Disadvantages,Breast-milk substitute is necessary,Mothers breasts may become engorged,Mother at risk of becoming pregnant if sexually active,Expressed Heat-treated Breast Milk,Steps for breast milk preparation,Wash all containers with soap and water,Heat enough expressed milk for one feed,Heat to boiling and cool,Use within one hour,Replacement Feeding Options:Commercial Infant Formula,Advantages,No risk of transmitting HIV,Made especially for infants,Includes most nutrients an infant needs,Others can feed infant,Disadvantages,Infant is more likely to get sick,Need reliable formula supply,Formula is expensive,Requires clean water,Must be made fresh each time,Infant needs to drink from acup,Not breastfeeding may raise questions about mothers HIV status,Replacement Feeding Options:Home-Prepared Modified Animal Milk,Advantages,No risk of transmitting HIV,Less expensive than commercial formula,Can be used when commercial infant formula runs out,Others can feed infant,Disadvantages,Infant more likely to get sick,Must be made fresh each time,Difficult to digest,M,ultivitamin supplements needed,Must add boiled water and sugar,Mother must stop breastfeeding,Does not contain antibodies,Infant needs to drink from a cup,Not breast,feeding may raise questions about mothers HIV status,Infant-Feeding Counselling and Support,Infant-feeding counselling,education,and support should,Be provided before and after birth,Be based on national protocol,Be based on a womans circumstances,Include information on infant-feeding options and advantages and disadvantages,Provide women with safer feeding skills,Include demonstrations or opportunities to practice,Encourage partner or family involvement,Provide disclosure support,Infant-Feeding Counselling and Support,Counselling Visits,At least one during the antenatal period,Immediately after birth,Within 7 days of birth to monitor post-partum and infant-feeding progress,Monthly follow-up sessions,Additional sessions may be required during high-risk time periods,Infant-Feeding Counselling and Support,Infant-Feeding Cou
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