M6U2. Grammar快速学会非谓语动词之要点总结

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,快速学会非谓语动词,之,要点总结,非谓语动词,，意思就是不能在句中充当谓语。但是，作为一个动词，它还是有个动作的执行者（主动关系）或承受者（被动关系），我们将之称为其“,逻辑主语,”。,下面的练习要求是 ：,1,，指出其在句中所作的成分。,2,，找出该非谓语的逻辑主语，并指出与该动词是主动关系还是被动关系；,3,，指出非谓语的动作是发生在主句动作之前还是之后；,逻辑关系,时间先后,句子成分,1.,Having realized,that I could use kite to attract the lightning, I decided to do the experiment.,2. The bell rang, and all the boys and girls went out of their classroom,singing and jumping,.,3. The boys,swimming,in the sea were in danger.,4. They,hearing,the news, their tears came down their cheek.,5. When,taken,following its directions, the drug has no neglect effect.,主动,主动,主动,主动,被动,1. The play,next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.,（,09,安徽）,A. produced B. being produced,C. to be produced D. having been produced,C,2. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm.,（,09,北京）,grown B. being grown,C. to be grown D. to grow,A,3. The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.,（,09,北京）,treated B. were treated,C. would treat D. would be treated,B,4. All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way.,（,09,北京）,A. presenting B. presented,C. being presented D. to present,D,5. _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.,（,09,北京）,A. Being bitten B. Bitten,C. Having bitten D. To be bitten,6.,not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.,（,09,福建）,A. Reminding B. Reminded,C. To remind D. Having reminded,B,B,7. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao,the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.,（,09,福建）,A. marking B. marked,C. having marked D. being marked,8. When he,the door, he found his keys were nowhere.,（,09,湖南）,A. would open B. opened,C. had opened D. was to open,9. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker,in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future.,（,09,湖南）,A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering,C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered,A,D,A,二、一般句子转换为含非谓语部分（分词）的句子,方法,(,一,):,由定语从句改为分词短语：,1,.,若关系词之后有,be,动词,(,限,be,在结构,be+V-ing,或,be+V-ed,中时,),则删去关系代词和,be,其它成分不变。,A). Watch the men who are coming this way.,Watch the man,coming,this way.,B). Lessons which are learned easily are soon forgotten.,C). The dog which was beaten yesterday is dead.,Lessons learned easily are soon forgotten.,The dog beaten yesterday is dead.,2,.,若关系词之后没有,be,动词,(,限,be,在结构,be+V-ing,或,be+V-ed,中时,),而是一般的动词，则删去关系词，再将动词改为,-ing,形式，其它不变。,A). Anyone who wishes to leave early may do so.,Anyone,wishing to leave early,may do so .,The boy,sitting near the window,was good at playing football.,We see the stream,rising from the hole,.,B). The boy who sat near the window was good at playing football.,C). We see the stream which rises from the hole.,方法（二）：由状语从句改为分词短语。,A,),.,先将引导状语从句的连接词去掉。,B,).,如果状语,从句的主语与主句主语,相同,， 则去掉从句主语；,不相同，,则保留从句主语（亦称,独立主格结构,）,C,).,再将原状语从句的谓语动词变成,V-ing,形式，,补充,:,当状语从句的谓语含有,be+V-ing,(,进行时结构,),或,be+V-ed,(,被动式,),时，也可能将,be,去掉,其它部分不变。,注意,:,若主句动词为现在时，而状语从句的动词为过去时，那么为了表示状语从句的动作时间,早于,主句的动词，则变分词短语是应改为,完成式,。,转换练习：,1.,状语从句主语与主句主语相同。,（逆向法：即分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语）,1).,After I had heard from,my brother, I felt much happy.,2).,As he is,ill, he cant attend the meeting.,3).,When he was buying,the books, he met an old friend.,4). Because he has been praised,too much, he becomes too proud.,Having heard from my brother, I felt much relieved.,Being ill, he cant attend the meeting.,Buying the book, he met an old friend,Having been praised too much, he becomes too proud.,2.,前后主语不相同，改为,独立主格结构,。,（逆向法：分词的逻辑主语就是原状语从句的主语）,1). After the sun had set, we arrived at the station.,2). When school was over, the boys went home.,3). As his homework has been done, the boys went home.,4). If the weather permits, well go to the Great Wall.,The sun,having set, we arrived at the station.,School,being over, the boys went home.,His homework,having been done, the boys went home.,The weather,permitting, well go to the Great Wall.,3.,注意。,1). Because his lovely dog was dead, little boy is very upset.,2). As he was idle in his youth, he has to work hard in his old age.,3). After new teaching building was finished, students study in the new classroom now.,His lovely dog,having been,dead, little boy is very upset.,Having been,idle in his youth,he has to work hard in his old age.,New teaching building,having been,finished, students study in the new classroom now.,方法,(,三,),：并列句改为分词短语的方法：,分词可以代替并列句中的一个句子，其作用是说话者对主要句子的补充。先将并列句中的连接词去掉，然后将其中一个谓语动词变为,V-ing,形式。,注意,：两句若是用句号隔开，变化后将,句号改为逗号,。,条件,：并列句主语相同时，,保留一个主语,；并列句主语不相同时，两个主语都保留。,此处也要注意到方法（二）中的“一个补充”和“一个注意”。,转换练习：,1.,并列句主语相同时，保留一个主语。,1). My train starts at 12,and,it,will arrive in Wuhan at 3.,2). She alone stayed at home,and,she,did her homework.,My train starts at 12 ,arriving in Wuhan at 3,.,She alone stayed at home,doing her homework.,2.,并列句主语不相同时，两个主语都保留。,1.,He,was reading a book,and,his wife,was doing housework.,2.,They,listened to the moved story about Ren Changxia.,Tears,ran down their cheeks.,He was reading a book,his wife doing housework,They listened to the moved story about Ren Changxia,tears running down their cheeks.,三、注意此类句型的一种变体。,连接词,+,分词,：（此类句型实际上是将从属连词,when , while, though, as,等引导的从句省略了相同的主语及,be,动词变化而来的 ）,转换练习：,1.,While,he was fighting in Korea, he was taken prisoner.,2.,When,the drug is taken according to its introductions, the drug has no neglect effect.,While,fighting,in Korea, he was taken prisoner.,When,taken,according to its introductions, the drug has no neglect effect.,四、小结：,一回头,：找该非谓语的,逻辑主语,；,两确定,：,确定该非谓语动词与逻辑主语的,主谓或动宾关系,。,确定该非谓语动词的动作与主句谓语的,动作先后,；,五、巩固练习：,1,、将下列复合句或并列句改为含分词短语的句子,When he left the classroom, he didnt say goodbye to me., Because he is ill, he cant attend the meeting., The teacher is teaching in the classroom. Jim and Tom are playing games., The boys who swam in the river were in danger.,When leaving the classroom, he didnt say goodbye to me.,Being ill, he cant attend the meeting,The teacher teaching in the classroom, Jim and Tom are playing games.,The boys swimming in the river were in danger.,The policeman saw the thief who was stealing a bike., This is one of the houses that were built last year., The professor came into the classroom. He was followed by some teachers.,The policeman saw the thief stealing a bike.,This is one of the houses built last year.,The professor came into the classroom, followed by some teachers.,Because he had seen the film before, he went out of the cinema., When our school is seen from the mountain. Our school is beautiful., The man rose from the ground,and,beat the dust off his clothes.,Having seen the film before, he went out of the cinema.,Seen from the mountain, our school is beautiful.,The man rose from the ground,beating the dust off his clothes.,2,、将下列含分词短语的句子改为复合句或并列句。,Seeing from the mountain, I find our school is beautiful. (when), He told me he would stand by the roadside, watching the parade. (and), Judged from what he said, he is a teacher., The children went home after class, singing and laughing.,When I see from the mountain, I find our school is beautiful.,He told me he would stand by the roadside and watch the parade .,If he is judged from what he said, he is a teacher.,The children went home after class and they sang and laughed,.,There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light., “Can you read?” Marry said angrily, pointing to the notice board., On his way home, he found the missing necklace.,There was a terrible noise which followed the sudden burst of light.,“,Can you read?” Marry said angrily and pointed to the notice board.,On his way home, he found the necklace which was missing.,Having brushed his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast. (after), Weather being fine, I went fishing with my father. (as), There being no bus ,we have to walk. (because),After he had brushed his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.,As weather was fine, I went fishing with my father.,Because there is no bus ,we have to walk.,10. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _.,（,09,湖南）,A. reusing B. reused,C. reuses D. to be reused,11. Please do me a favor _ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.,（,09,湖南）,A. to invite B. inviting,C. invite D. invited,12. _ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.,（,09,江西）,A. Giving B. Having given,C. To give D. Given,D,C,D,13. The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.,（,09,江西）,A. forced B. forcing,C. to be forced D. having forced,14 The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.,（,09,海南）,A. looked at B. to look at,C. to looking at D. look at,15. Now that weve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions _?,（,09,海南）,A. taking B. take,C. takenD. to take,B,B,C,16. We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday.,（,09,山东）,A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding,17. I still remember _ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.,（,09,陕西）,A. to take B. to be takenC. taking D. being taken,18. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _ all four people on board.,（,09,上海）,A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill,19. With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.,（,09,上海）,A. affect B. affecting,C. affected D. were affected,C,A,D,B,20. Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.,（,09,上海）,A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold,21. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.,（,09,四川）,A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat,22. David threatened _ his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.,（,09,上海）,A. to be reported B. reporting,C. to report D. having reported,23. He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussion.,（,09,四川）,A. to have B. having C. have D. had,C,A,C,A,24. _ many times, he finally understood it.,（,09,四川）,A. Told B. Telling,C. Having told D. Having been told,25. _ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.,（,09,天津）,A. Competing B. Having completed,C. To have completedD. To complete,26. _ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.,（,09,天津）,A. Being encouragedB. Encouraging,C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged,D,D,C,27. _ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.,（,09,浙江）,A. To be tired B. Tired,C. Tiring D. Being tired,28. There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.,（,09,浙江）,A. indicate B. indicating,C. to indicateD. to be indicating,B,B,29. Michaelsnewhouseislikeahugepalace, _ withhisoldone.,（,09,重庆）,A. comparingB. compares,C. tocompareD. compared,D,30. With the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.,（,09,重庆）,A. dealB. dealt C. todealD. dealing,31. They use computers to keep the traffic _ smoothly.,（,09,全国,2,）,A. being run B. run,C. to run D. running,32. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemployment pressures.,（,09,江苏）,A. help B. to have helped,C. to help D. having helped,C,D,C,33. Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, _ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (,校友,) from home and abroad.,（,09,江苏）,A. Attend B. To attend,C. Attending D. Having attended,C,本题考查倒装结构。表语置句首，用全倒装。,正常语序为：,Our alumni from home and abroad are attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning.,例如：,Standing beside the table was his wife.,站在桌旁的是他的妻子,.,HOMEWORK,1. Exx on P 25.,2. C1 and C2 on P107.,Practice,on Page 25,:,1,.,to,learn how to ski,2,.,Accompanied by an experienced ski instructor,3,. Thinking that she knew how to ski well,4,.,while ski,ing,downhill,5,.,Although not expecting trouble,Practice,on Page 25,:,6. Having been checked at the nearest hopital,7. Hearing the news,8. Not knowing how serious the situation was,9. Arriving at the hospital,10. if properly treated,P107,1. Watching the people walking by,2. to strengthen/strengthening culture ties,3. Reminded that it was getting cold,4. causing great damage,5.Promoted to marketing manager,6. not having completed the,programme,7 introducing themselves to each other,8. to make/making sure our schools are safe,Thank you,