英语虚拟语气

,17,/2,虚拟语气,一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型,1.,三种基本形式,与现在事实相反,动词过去时（,be,用,were,）,Should/would/could/might+,动词原形,与过去事实相反,Had+p.p,Should/would/could/,might+have+p.p,与将来事实可能相反,1.,动词过去时,2. Should+,动词原形,3. Were to+,动词原形,Should/would/could/might+,动词原形,(1),与现在事实相反。如：,If he were free, he would help us.,If we caught the 10 oclock train, we would get there by lunch time.,(2),与过去事实相反。如：,If we had known your telephone number, we would have called you.,If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li.,If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.,Examples:,(3),与将来事实可能相反。如：,If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.,If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.,如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。,Examples:,A.1),用于表示意愿、建议、命令、请求、提议、要求,(,suggest, request,demand,insist,，,ask, desire, order,),等动词后的,that,宾语从句中，其虚拟语气的结构为：,(should) +,原形动词。如：,She advised that we should keep the gate locked.,The teacher suggested that we should make good use of every minute here.,Notes:,2,.,其它常见句型：,Notes:,当,insist,的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；,suggest,的意思为：表明，暗含，暗示等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：,Tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch.,汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。,His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam.,他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。,B.,用于,It is+,形容词或过去分词,(,advisable, essential,necessary,important,desirable/,commanded,suggested, proposed, requested, desired, )+,主语从句中，通常表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义 其虚拟语气的结构为：,should +,动词原形。,It is essential that he should be prepared for this., It is important that we should do well in our lessons first.,我们先把功课学好很重要。,It is requested that all the employees should be punctual.,C,用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词,(,advice,proposal,suggestion,，,desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, recommendation, request, requirement, wish),引导的表语从句和同位语从句，,This is their resolution that extra curriculum activities should be made part of their school life.,We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help.,Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown.,D.,定语从句中的虚拟语气,It is (high / about) time that +,主语,+,动词的过去式,表示“应该做某事了”，,It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.,It is time that you went to bed.,E.,在,for fear that, in case, lest,引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：,should +,动词原形。并且,should,不能省略,e.g.,She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.,她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。,He started out earlier lest he should be late.,他很早就出发了以防迟到。,F.,在,even if, even though,所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与,if,所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：,e.g.,Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.,即是他亲自来也不知该怎么办。,Nobody could save him even though,Hua,Tuo,should come here.,及时华佗再世也就不了他。,1.,虚拟条件句的倒装,Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.,Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.,Had I been (= If I had been) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.,Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time?,二虚拟语气特殊情况,Notes,：,当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词,be,时，可用,was,代替,were,。但在倒装虚拟,结构及,if I were you, as it were,中，只能用,were,。,如：,Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad.,要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。,If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance.,要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。,有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来决定。,If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.,（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）,If it had rained last night (,过去,), it would be very cold today (,现在,).,If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years(,过去,), things wouldnt be going so smoothly(,现在,).,If the Party hadnt led the Chinese people to liberate the country(,过去,), Chinese people would still live a life in pain and poverty(,现在,).,2.,错综时间条件句,介词短语表示虚拟条件，其作用相当于虚拟条件句。,Fish would die without water.(= Fish would die if there were no water.),You should take an umbrella with you when you leave in case of rain.(= You should take an umbrella with you when you leave in case it should rain),3.,介词短语表示虚拟条件,Care must be taken in using this method lest serious problems (should) occur.If only the man would listen to the others advice.Any men in his position would have done like that.But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.Should there be any trouble with this solution, the public would be able to take legal actions.,虚拟在写作中的应用实例,Thanks To Everybody !,End & Thanks,