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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第二章 名 词,考点一：名词的分类,考点二：可数名词的复数形式,考点三：名词的所有格,考点四：常考的名词辨析,考点一：名词的分类,一、普通名词,可数名词,ball,，,girl,，,mother,2.,不可数名词,weather,，,money,，,fun,二、专有名词,1.,人名、尊称、头衔：,Einstein,，,Mr,Brown,2.,洲名：,Asia,3.,国名：,Egypt,4.,城市名：,Sydney,5.,海洋、河流、湖泊：,the Pacific,6.,月份和星期：,January,，,Monday,，,7.,单位、机构、组织：,Class 4 Grade 1,，,the Party,8.,事件：,the Second World War,，,the Olympics,考点一：名词的分类,考点一：名词的分类,注意：,1.,有些单词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但意义不同。,glass,paper,room,chicken,fish,orange,beauty,考点一：名词的分类,life,iron,light,experience,exercise,考点一：名词的种类,注意：,2.,有些不可数名词变为复数形式后,，,意义不同,。,不可数名词原形,汉语意思,复数形式,汉语意思,work,工作,works,作品,good,好处,goods,货物,cloth,布,clothes,衣服,time,时间,times,时代；倍数,wood,木头,woods,树林,glass,玻璃,glasses,玻璃杯；眼镜,考点一：名词的种类,注意：,3.,不可数名词常用,“,数词,/,不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”的搭配来表示不可数名词的量,。,如：a,piece of news,three bottles of water,即学即练,一、短语翻译。,1.,两则消息,_,2.,两段音乐,_,3.,两条建议,_,4.,两张纸,_,考点一：名词的种类,two pieces of information,two pieces of music,two pieces of advice,two pieces of paper,即学即练,二、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。,1.Will you please make _(room)for the woman with a little baby?,Sure.Take my seat,please.,2.You can get more _(information)about the World Expo on the Internet.,3.My uncle gave me some _(piece of advice)on how to make full use of the Internet.,4.Lucy bought two _(bottle of milk)yesterday.,考点一：名词的种类,room,pieces of advice,information,bottles of milk,一、名词复数形式的规则变化,1.,一般情况在词尾加,s,book books bag bags,2.,以,s,，,x,，,ch,，,sh,结尾的名词，在词尾加,es,bus buses box boxes wish wishes,watch watches,3.,以辅音字母加,y,结尾将,y,变为,i,再加,es,country countries study studies,city cities,4.,以元音字母加,y,结尾词尾只加,s,toy toys day days,考点二：可数名词的复数形式,一、名词复数形式的规则变化,5.以o结尾(有生命的)加es,hero heroes potato potatoes,tomato tomatoes Negro Negroes,以o结尾(无生命的)加s,radio radios photo photos piano pianos,6.,以,f,或,fe,结尾将,f,或,fe,变为,v,再加,es,wife wives thief thieves,shelf shelves knife,knive,shalf,halves leaf leaves,wolf wolves life lives,在词尾加,s,的：,roof roofs proof proofs,注意,：,month months mouth mouths,考点二：可数名词的复数形式,考点二：可数名词的复数形式,2.,名词复数形式的不规则变化,(1),单复数不同形,单数形式,复数形式,child,children,man,men,woman,women,foot,feet,tooth,teeth,mouse,mice,(2),单复数同形,单数形式,复数形式,sheep,sheep,deer,deer,Chinese,Chinese,Japanese,Japanese,考点二：可数名词的复数形式,(3),某国人变复数的口诀：中日不变英法变,其余,s,加后面。,单数形式,复数形式,Chinese,Chinese,Englishman,Englishmen,American,Americans,German,Germans,Egyptian,Egyptians,Japanese,Japanese,Frenchman,Frenchmen,Australian,Australians,Roman,Romans,考点二：可数名词的复数形式,(4),集体名词的单复数形式随句子意义而定。,如：,Theres room for a family of five.,His family are completely behind him,whatever he decides.,(5),表示由两部分构成的东西，如,glasses,，,trousers,，,shorts,，,scissors,，,clothes,等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词,pair,，,suit,等。,如：,a pair of glasses,two pairs of trousers,考点二：可数名词的复数形式,注意：,1.“,数词,-,名词,(-,形容词,)”,的特殊用法“数词,-,名词,(-,形容词,)”,，中间的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。这个结构只放在所修饰的名词之前作定语，作用相当于形容词。,如：,an eight-year-old boy,一个,8,岁的男孩,a 100-metre race,一场,100,米赛跑,考点二：可数名词的复数形式,2.,名词作定语,(1),名词作定语修饰复数名词的时候，前面的名词不能用复数形式。,如：,five boy students,several shoe shops,(2),由,man,和,woman,构成的复合名词，变复数时要把名词和,man,或,woman,同时变为复数。,如：,a woman doctor some women doctors,a man lawyer two men lawyers,即学即练,一、短语翻译。,1.,一条裤子,_,2.,一双袜子,_,3.,一双鞋,_,4.,一副眼镜,_,a pair of trousers,a pair of socks,a pair of shoes,a pair of glasses,即学即练,二、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。,1.How many _(sheep)can you see in the picture?,Only one.,2.I like _(fish)a lot,and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.,3.This table is made of _(glass).,4.He found two _(photo)in the room.,5.There are many _(woman teacher)in our school.,sheep,fish,glass,photos,women teachers,考点三：名词的所有格,1.s,所有格,所有格形式分类,例子,单数名词加,s,the old womans daughter,Mothers Day,以,s,结尾的复数名词加,Teachers Day,不以,s,结尾的复数名词加,s,Childrens Day,Womens Day,表示两人共有,A and Bs,Tom and Tonys mother,表示时间、距离或度量单位的名词单数名词加,s,，以,s,结尾的复数名词加,Todays homework,ten days holiday,考点三：名词的所有格,注意：,表示某人的家、店铺或教堂的名字时，名词所有格的后面经常不出现它所修饰的词。,如：,at Lilys,at the doctors,at the barbers,2.of,用于无生命名词的所有关系时，常用“名词,+of+,名词”来表示。,如：,the name of the film,the cover of the book,考点三：名词的所有格,3.,由“名词,+of+,名词性物主代词,/,名词所有格”构成的双重所有格。,如：,a friend of mine,a friend of Janes,4.to,表示所有格的特殊用法。,如：,the answer to the question,the key to the door,the way to the cinema,即学即练,一、短语翻译。,1.,一张中国地图,_,2.,生活费用,_,3.,步行五分钟的路程,_ walk,=a _ walk,4.,三天的假期,_ holiday,=a _ holiday,a map of China,the cost of living,five-minute,five minutes,three-day,three days,即学即练,二、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。,1.Tom is a son of my _(aunt).,2.Where have you been,Tim?,Ive been to _(Henry).,3._(Tim and Peter)mothers both work in the same hospital.,aunts,Henrys,Tims and Peters,考点四：常考的名词辨析,1.work,和,job,(1)work,是不可数名词，泛指劳动。,如：,I have much work to do.,(2)job,指具体的某种工作。,如：,Linda wants to find a good job.,2.cook,和,cooker,(1)cook,如：,He is good at cooking.His dream is to be a good cook.,(2)cooker,如：,The cooker was electric.,这套厨具是用电的。,考点四：常考的名词辨析,3.,sound,，,voice,和,noise,(1)sound,指声音的总称。,如：,Too loud sound is bad for your ears.,(2)voice,指人的嗓音。,如：“,The police are here,”she said in a low voice.,(3)noise,指噪音。,如：,Dont make any noise.,祝福筑梦路上的所有考生，加油！,感谢使用,
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