教育专题：口语交际即席

口语交际 即席讲话,R,八年级语文下册,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,目,航,标,导,1.,掌握即席发言的要领和表达技巧。,2.,通过情境创设的训练，克服发言时的紧张心理，学习即席发言的快速构思方法，提高瞬时应变和即席发言能力。,3.,进行即席发言的初步尝试，充分调动课堂参与的热情，培养良好的语言习惯，表现出较高的文化素养和气质风度。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,重,读,点,解,即席讲话，也叫即兴发言，是指在某个特定场合，临时受到邀请，由他人提议或自己认为有必要而作的简短讲话。,即席发言,有三个特点,：,一、临场性,即席发言既不能事先拟演讲稿，也不能进行试讲，它必须靠临时准备、临场发挥，因此临场性就成了即席发言最主要的特征。,二、针对性,由于即席发言一般都是在有限的时间内对现实话题作出迅速反应，这就使话题的内容被限制在特定的范围内，显示出鲜明的针对性，所以即席发言选取的角度宜小，内容宜集中，要力求说在点子上。,三、简洁性,即席发言常以简明扼要显出其力度，以亲切生动的表述给听者留下深刻印象。但是短小并不是空洞无物，而是要言之有物，言简意赅。优秀的即席发言常常以简练、含蓄而抒情的语言取胜。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,即席发言的基本要求是：,一、沉着冷静，克服紧张情绪,从某种程度上讲，当众说话成功与否的关键不在于讲话的内容，而在于发言者的心理素质。,如果情绪过于紧张，即使准备好的内容，也不能很好地表达出来。克服人前讲话紧张心理的最有效的办法，就是加强当众说话的训练。只要持之以恒，随着讲话次数的增加，你的自信心会越来越强，效果会越来越好。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,二、边想边说，反应迅速敏捷,即席发言前，可以利用短暂的时间打一下腹稿，构想自己发言的主题、主要内容、开头等，但大部分情况是没有准备时间的，大脑是在临时组织说话的内容。,因此，无法将所有的内容都有条不紊地安放在大脑中，这就要求发言者在说当前句的同时，还要斟酌后面要讲的内容，边讲话，边构思，根据主旨的需要，提取、筛选信息，组织语言。只有思维敏捷，反应迅速，才能达到较好的效果。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,三、有的放矢，切合环境对象,俗话说,“,到什么山上唱什么歌,”,，即席发言要注意环境、场合和对象，比如，环境有室内与室外、安静与杂乱之分，场合有严肃与随意、正式与非正式之分，对象有身份、年龄之分。面对不同的环境、场合和对象，我们发言的内容、语气、风格也应有所区别。越是有针对性的发言，越能得到听众的欢迎。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,四、掌握分寸，语言简短明晰,掌握分寸，就是要使讲话恰到好处，不说空洞无物的话，不说过头话，不说伤人的话，不自我吹嘘。同时，即席发言务求简短精练，因为观众都喜欢短小精悍、言简意赅的发言，即席发言时要尽量长话短说，克服口头禅，少用无关紧要的喻例、资料等，让每句话融入较多的信息。,即席发言也如唱戏一样，,“,台上一分钟，台下十年功,”,，它靠的是平时的口头练习，多方面的知识积累，敏捷、清晰的思维能力和富于亲和力的人格魅力。因此，我们一定要把即席发言练习和提高个人整体素质相结合，让即席发言成为展现个人风采的重要手段。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成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师,有一次，大连星海湾国际会议展览中心举行,“,大干,50,天，确保,11,月底封顶,”,的誓师大会。仪式正在进行，坐在主席台上的星海湾总指挥老宋的座椅突然倒下，宋指挥从上面摔了下来，非常尴尬。,这时，正在发言的大连市市长来了段即席讲话：,“,今天的誓师大会开的很好，大家决心都很大，摩拳擦掌，准备大干一场。你们看，你们的总指挥已经坐不住了。望大家团结一致，,50,天确保封顶。,”,这是一个借机发挥的典型例子。市长抓住宋指挥从座椅上摔下来这个触点，发挥了,“,大家决心都很大，坐不住了,”,的话题，既用妙语解了围，又顺势鼓舞了与会者的士气，非常符合当时誓师大会的情境。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,研,习,讨,练,题一：判断下列说法的正误，在括号内打,“,”,或,“,”,。,1.,许多同学当众说话时过分紧张。要消除这种心理状态并不难。主要是应有自信心，即使自己没有做充分准备，只要有胆子，就可以理直气壮的讲。（ ）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.,说话怎样才能做到清楚呢？答案是要,“,多思,”,。说话前要认真想一想，自己为什么要说，说给谁听，说的重点是什么，怎样去说，先说什么，后说什么。重点和非重点都要详细说。（ ）,3.,说话要简洁，就要去掉不必要的重复，去掉与中心关系不大的枝蔓。（ ）,4.,要使说话中心突出，条理清楚，一是要求材料全而多，二是要理清思路和线索，三是要把材料的先后安排好，力求层次清晰，眉目分明。（ ）,5.,说话连贯，是指句与句之间连接得上。说话严密，是指说话有逻辑性。要做到这两点，在平时要养成多思考的习惯。（ ）,6.,在和别人交谈时，说话人不能我行我素，想说什么就说什么，而要看对象，从对象的不同特点出发，说不同的话，达到说话的目的。但说话看对象，不是说要,“,见人说人话，见鬼说鬼话,”,。（ ）,7.,说话要讲究方式。直言不讳充满刺激性，容易伤害对方的感情，造成抵触情绪。所以，无论在什么场合，都要尽量避免用直言，而采用委婉含蓄的语言形成。（ ）,8.,停顿的一般规律是：一个意思说完要有较小的停顿，一句话说完要有较大的停顿。（ ）,9.,无论是说还是听，都应当适度的看着对方的眼睛和面部。还要善于用眼神表现出自己的喜怒哀乐。（ ）,10.,要,“,形于外,”,必须,“,诚于中,”,，这是做到语言美的关键。（ ）,题二：根据提供的情境，在,“,_,”,上填充恰当的即席讲话。,1.1935,年，高尔基参加苏联作协理事会第二次全体会议时，代表们要求他讲话。当他上台时，与会者长时间鼓掌。高尔基灵机一动借题发挥说：,“,_,_,”,一下子使全场活跃，讲话就在这样融洽的气氛中开场了。,2.,正大综艺,的节目主持人杨澜，,9,月,19,日晚在广州市天河体育中心演出时，戏到中途，她在下台阶时摔了下来。出现这种情况，的确令人难堪。但杨澜非常沉着地爬了起来，凭着她主持人特有的口才，对台下的观众说：,“,_,_,”,杨澜这段非常成功的即兴演讲，不仅为她自己摆脱了难堪，且更显示出她非凡的口才。以致她话音刚落，会场就立刻爆发出热烈的掌声。有的观众还大声说：,“,广州欢迎你！,”,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.,如果把花在鼓掌上面的全部时间计算起来，时间就浪费得太多了。,2.,真是人有失足，马有失蹄呀。我刚才的狮子滚绣球的节目滚得还不熟练吧？看来这次演出的台阶不那么好下哩！但台上的节目会很精彩的，不信，你们瞧他们。,参考答案,声 明,本文件仅用于个人学习、研究或欣赏，以及其他非商业性或非盈利性用途，但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律的规定，不得侵犯本司及相关权利人的合法权利。,除此以外，将本文件任何内容用于其他用途时，应获得授权，如发现未经授权用于商业或盈利用途将追加侵权者的法律责任。,武汉天成贵龙文化传播有限公司,湖北山河律师事务所,