直接引语和间接引语

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John said, “I like reading adventure stories. ”,John said that he _ reading adventure stories.,. She said to me, “I broke your CD player. ”,She told me that she _ my CD player.,. He said, “Ill come here this morning.”,He said he_ go there that morning,. He says, “I have finished my homework.”,He says that he _ his homework.,. He said, “they are playing games over there?”,He said that they_ playing games over there.,liked,had broken,would,had finished,were,2,直接引语变间接引语时，,句中的情态动词也应做相应的改变,直接引语,间接引语,can,may,shall/will,neednt,must,ought to,could,might,should/would,didnt have to,must,ought to,2,直接引语转为间接引语时，下列情况下时态不变,注意：,.,直接引语若表示的是,客观事实或真理,时，,变间接引语时时态不变,.,当引语中的时间状语表示,过去某一具体时间,时，,谓语动词时态不需改变,如果直接引语要变为间接引语，转述是发生在,当天当地,，那么直接引语中的,come,、,here,、,tomorrow,、,this morning,、,today,、,yesterday,等,不必改变,3,1.Our teacher,said, “ Light,travels,much faster than sound.”,Our teacher,said,that light_,much faster than sound.,travels,2.“,I,graduated,in 1966,.”My brother,said,.,My brother,said,that he _,in 1966.,graduated,3,1.The teacher said to the students, “The earth is,round.”,2. My father said to me, “I was born in 1961.”,3. He said,” I will come here this evening.”,4. This morning he said,” Im leaving for Beijing,tomorrow.”,The teacher told the students that the earth is,round.,My father told me that he was born in 1961.,He said he would come here this evening.,This morning he said that he was leaving for Beijing tomorrow.,3,直接引语和间接引语可分为三大类：,1,）陈述句,2,）祈使句,3,） 疑问句（,一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）,4,1.,陈述句,直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，,用连词,that,引导，,that,在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的,said,也可用,told,来代替，注意，可以说,said that, told sb. that,，不可直接说,told that,4,解题步骤,:,1.,陈述句,:,“,I dont like computers,”,Sarah said to her friends,.,Sarah said to her friends,that,I dont like,computers.,said,didnt,she,Sarah said to her friends,that,she didnt like,computers.,Sarah,4,4,2.,祈使句,直接引语是祈使句，在直接引语前加上 “,to”,改为动词不定式，引述动词为,tell,，,order,，,ask,等。其他变化同上。,4,He said, “Please come here tomorrow.”,The teacher said, “Dont talk any more.”,He asked me,to go,there the next day.,The teacher told us,not to talk,any more.,4,4,一般疑问句,He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”,He,asked,(me),whether,/,if,I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.,He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?”,He asked whether I was interested in English.,间接引语用连词,whether,或,if,引导，原主句中谓语动词,said,要改为,asked(me/him/us,等,),，语序是陈述句的语序,4,2.,一般疑问句,:,Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?,(,They asked him,),They,asked,him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,it,is,easy to improve the condition of the soil.,asked,is,was,They asked him,if,it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,4,特殊疑问句,He said to me,，“,Whats your name?”,He asked me what my name was.,He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”,He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用,ask(sb,. ),来表达，语序改为陈述句语序,4,3.,特殊疑问句：,When do you harvest the wheat ?,(,They asked him,),They asked him,When,you harvest the wheat,you,harvest,the wheat.,he,harvested,They asked him when,he harvested,the wheat.,4,选择疑问句,He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”,He asked me whether I spoke English or French.,I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”,I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.,用,whetheror,表达，而不用,ifor,4,1,、,直接引语中的,时间状语,转换规则：,2,、,直接引语中的,指示代词,转换规则：,3,、,直接引语中动词,come,在间接引语中用,go,:,4,、,直接引语中副词,here,在间接引语中用,there,：,5,5,now,then,Today,That day,Tonight,That night,Ago,Before/earlier,Yesterday,The day before,Last night,The night before,Tomorrow,The next/following day,Next week,The next/following week,The day after tomorrow,In two days time,The day before yesterday,Two days before/earlier,时间状语,:,5,指示代词,this,/ these,that / those,5,1. “What does,this,word mean?” she asked me.,She asked me what,word meant.,that,2. “Can you see,that,map on the wall?” he asked me.,He asked me if I could see,map on the wall.,that,3. “Do you like,these,toys?” Jane asked us.,Jane asked us if we liked,toys.,those,4. “Bring,those,balls to me.” said my sister.,My sister asked us to bring,balls to her.,those,5,1. “,I,like,reading adventure stories,” said John.,John said that,he liked,reading adventure stories.,2. “,I,dont,like computers,” Sarah said to her friend.,Sarah told her friends that,she didnt,like computers.,Exercise I,3. “Ann,have you,seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked.,Peter asked Ann if,she had seen,his blue notebook.,4. “How,can,you do that?” Mary said to Ann.,Mary asked Ann how she,could,do that.,5. “What difference,does it make,?” Peter asked Jim.,Peter asked Jim what difference it,made,.,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.”,Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day,Exercise II,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.”,We told her that _ through the street _.,A,. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow,3.,Mr,Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.”,Mr,Black said that _ a long way _.,I had walkedlast week,B,. he had walkedthat week,C,. I walkedlast week,D,. he has walkedthis week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.”,The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?”,They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?”,Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?”,She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?”,Jack,asked her where _ holidays.,she spent her,B,. you spend your,C,. she spend her,D,. you spent your,9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?”,Black asked me why _ yet.,I hadnt left there,B,. I havent left here,C,. hadnt I left there,D,. havent I left here,10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?”,The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.,A,. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise,引语前为现将时，去掉引号变从句。,人称、数、格要改动，时态不变别忘记。,引语前为过去时，变为从句请注意：,时态向前一“档”移，无需变化唯真理。,指示代词须变换，人称、数、格要一致。,时、地状语相应变，当时当地留原词。,如遇一般（选择、反意）疑问句，,whether,、,if,作连词。,若逢特殊疑问句，照用原句疑问词。,其他变化同上述，语序改为陈述句。,引语若是祈使句，加“,to”,变为不定式。,谓语动词酌情变，按照句意用宾语。,掌握方法灵活用，熟能生巧难变易。,Thank you!,Bye-Bye!,