流域开发环境影响评价

OILMAP User Training,Haiwei Shen,Applied Science Associates,ASA is a global,science and technology,solutions company.Through consulting,environmental modeling,and application development,ASA helps a diverse range of clients solve their issues of concern.,Since 1979 and in over 100 countries,ASA has been providing services and custom solutions to sectors including energy,environment,construction,defense,security,emergency management,transportation,and shipping.,ASA,Offices,ASA-,美国,ASA-,亚太地区,ASA-,南美洲,ASA-,中国,ASA-,中东,ASA Consulting Services:Markets Served,Oil and Gas,Power Generation and Distribution,Port,Harbor and Coastal,Wastewater Treatment,Defense/Security,Government,Pemex,Petrobras,Selected Clients,ASA Tools:,Hydrodynamics(HYDROMAP),Oil Spills(OILMAP/SIMAP),Chemical Spills(CHEMMAP),PFW/Cuttings/Mud(MUDMAP),Search&Rescue(SARMAP),Crisis Management Simulator(CMSMAP),Biological Impacts/NRDA(NRDAM/SIMAP),Pollutant Transport and Water Quality(WQMAP),Real Time Data Integration(COASTMAP),Atmospheric Discharges(AIRMAP),ASA Tools,ATMOSPHERE,Exposure/Biological Models,SURFACE/,Shoreline,WATER,SEABED/,Sediments,OILMAP,2D,CHEMMAP,(concentrations),Search&Rescue,(drifting targets),SIMAP,(concent.),OILMAP,3D,BLOWOUT,3D,OIL,(mixtures),CHEMICALS,(single components),AIRMAP,SARMAP,Emergency Response,+,Env.Data Server,Why use OILMAP?,OILMAP is a useful tool for:,Oil spill response decision support,Oil spill response training,Spill drill exercises,Contingency planning studies,Litigation support,Management of spill related data,Communicating spill scenarios,GIS,Environmental,Data,Physical-Chemical,Properties,Model,Results,GIS Framework,ArcInfo,ArcMap,MapInfo,Intergraph,Trajectory&Fates,Stochastic,3-D,Models in OILMAP,Trajectory and Fates,Where oil goes,how oil weathers,Trajectory and Fates,Trajectory,Fates,Models in OILMAP,Trajectory and Fates,Where oil goes,how oil weathers,Stochastic,Calculates space and time probabilities,Stochastic,Water Surface Probability,Time of Travel,Oil Spill Processes,Dispersion,Spreading,Evaporation,Entrainment,Emulsification,Shoreline Interaction,Ice Interaction,Oil Spill Processes,Oil Spill Processes,OILMAP Fates Algorithms,Overview of model algorithms,OILMAP Fates Algorithms,A spill is represented by spillets,each of which represents an equal fraction of the total oil spilled.,Spillets in open water are advected in response to wind and current forcing with trajectory(path),weathering(fates)and final destination of the oil.,OILMAP Fates Algorithms,Spillets treated as Lagrangian particles,The vector position of an oil particle at time t:,X,t,=,X,t-1,+,D,t,U,oil,D,t,-time step(sec),X,t-1,position of surface slick at t-1=t-Dt,U,oil,slick velocity(m/sec).,OILMAP Fates Algorithms,Total Particle Velocity,advective particle velocity,U,oil,(m/sec),is defined as,U,oil,=,U,t,+,U,w,+,U,disp,where,U,t,-velocity component due to tidal currents(m/sec).,U,w,-velocity component due to wind and waves(m/sec),U,disp,-velocity component due to dispersive processes(m/sec).,OILMAP Fates Algorithms,Tidal Currents,Use major constituent(M2 or K1)for area of interest.,Residual Currents,OR,Hydrodynamic Model Output,OILMAP Fates Algorithms,Wind Drift Rate,The drift rate is the ratio of oil drift speed relative to the wind speed.Drift velocities due to a wind,U,windspeed,(m/sec),U,w,=C,1,U,windspeed,The default,C,1,value in the model is 3.5%.,OILMAP Fates Algorithms,Wind Drift Angle,The drift angle is the angle the oil drifts clockwise(to the right in the northern hemisphere)of the wind direction.,Various researchers have measured a wide range of drift angles(from 0 to 13 degrees)based on laboratory and field experiments and spill hindcasts(Stolzenbach et al.,1977).The default value in the model is 0.It can be adjusted if necessary to align model results with observations.,OILMAP Fates Algorithms,Dispersion,Dispersion process mimics advective processes below the scale of resolution of current field:wave,Langmuir circulation,etc.,The relative size of the dispersive velocity is a measure of those parts of the current flow not explicitly defined.,Following are suggested values for typical environments.,Environment,Dispersion Coefficient,Highly energetic open environment 10 m,2,/sec,Medium energy levels 5-10 m,2,/sec,Low energy levels(enclosed estuary)0.5-3 m,2,/sec,OILMAP Fates Algorithms,Spreading,Mackay et al.(1980a,b)modified Fays three regime approach.,Addition of effective radius correction(Kolluru,1992)which corrects for edge effects with different numbers of spillets,.,OILMAP Fates Algorithms,Evaporation,The evaporative exposure model(Stiver and Mackay,1984)replaces OILMAPs earlier,distillation cuts approach,.The evaporative exposure model was found in extensive WOSM fates testing to be superior for a wide suite of oils.,OILMAP Fates Algorithms,Entrainment:Mackay(1980)or Audensen(1979),OILMAP Fates Algorithms,Emulsification:,Mackay et al.(1982),The exponential rise,mousse formation algorithm is presented by,Mackay et al