运营管理讲义ehym

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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Reference Books,运营管理(第9版),理查德 B. 蔡斯等著,任建标等译,机械工业出版社,2003年,Richard B. Chase, et al, Operations Management for Competitive Advantage (9th Edition), China Machine Press (机械工业出版社), McGraw Hill Education,2002,生产与运作管理-制造与服务,(第8版),理查德 B. 蔡斯等著,宋国防等译,机械工业出版社,2001,制造资源计划基础,,陈启申 编著,企业管理出版社,William J. Stevenson, Production/Operations Management, fifth edition,美詹姆斯.菲茨西蒙等著, 服务管理,(ServiceManagement),,机械工业出版社,,1998,1,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,课程重点,OM基本知识,国际OM领域:新的管理方法,科学的OM管理方法,2,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Evaluation,EVALUATION COMPOENT,PERCENT,平时成绩(出勤情况, 课堂讨论),10,运作管理作业1,10,运作管理作业2,10,Final Examination,70,Total,100%,3,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,课程教学安排,序号,周,日期,授课内容,备注,1,1,2008.2.23,Chapter 1 Introduction,2,2008.2.26,Chapter 2 Operations Strategy,Assignment 1: 论文学习作业布置,Deadline:,2008.3.12 (2周后),3,2,2008.3.2,Chapter 3 Product Design,4,2008.3.5,5,3,2008.3.9,Chapter 4 Location Planning,6,2008.3.12,Chapter 5 Facility Layout,Submission: 交论文学习作业1,7,4,2008.3.16,Chapter 6 Strategy Capacity Decision,Assignment 2: 案例讨论布置,8,2008.3.19,Chapter 7 Services Design,9,5,2008.3.23,Chapter 8 Total Quality Management,10,2008.3.26,Chapter 9,Inventory Management,11,6,2008.3.30,Textbook Case Discussion,Discussion: 小组案例讨论,12,2008.4.2,Chapter 10,Just In Time (JIT),13,7,2008.4.6,Chapter 11 MRP & MRPII (1),14,2008.4.9,MRP & MRPII (2),15,8,2008.4.13,论文作业分析,复习答疑,Submission: 交案例讨论作业,16,2008.4.16,考试,4,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Chapter 1 Introduction,What is Operations Management?,Production System,Historical Development,Trend,5,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,1. What is Operations Management?,PM:,生产管理,POM:,生产与运作管理,OM:,运作管理,制造管理 生产管理 生产与运作管理 运作管理,6,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,OM definition,Operations Management (OM),is defined as the,design,operation, and,improvement,of the,system,that create and deliver the firms,primary products,and,services,.,7,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,运作管理,生产系统设计,生产系统运行与控制(知识与技巧),生产战略,生产类型选择,生产能力发展,产品与工艺技术,作业管理决策,纵向一体化,生产企业服务战略,产品和服务设计,工艺选择,生产能力,设施布置,工作系统设计,选址规划与分析,综合计划,库存管理,物料需求计划,进度安排,质量管理,项目管理,管理决策的定量方法,企业战略规划,生产战略要素,供应链管理,生产系统改进,敏捷制造,准时生产系统,最优生产技术,精益生产,计算机集成制造系统,预测,企业资源计划划,8,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,OM, OR/MS, IE的不同点,OM:运作管理,A field of,management,OR/MS:运筹学/管理科学,The application of,quantitative,methods to decision making in all fields,IE:工业工程,An,engineering,discipline,如工厂自动化,9,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,2. Production System,Introduction,Design,Operations,Types of Process,Differences between Services and Goods Production (Manufacturing),10,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,运作管理的定义,运作管理就是对,提供公司主要产品或服务的系统,进行设计,运行和改进。,Operations Management (OM),is defined as the design, operation, and improvement of,the system that create and deliver the firms primary products and services,11,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Production System,生产系统,输入,输出,5Ps,In general, a production system is one that,transforms,raw materials and input,by,a certain process or a variety of transformation activities,into a,desired product,.,12,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,生产系统中发生的转换过程,物理过程 例如:生产,位置变化过程 例如:运输,交易过程 例如:零售,存储过程 例如:库存,生理过程 例如:健康保养,信息过程 例如:电信,13,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Transformations,Physical-manufacturing,Location -transportation,Exchange-retailing,Storage-warehousing,Physiological-health care,Informational-telecommunications,14,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,典型系统的输入-转换-输出关系,系统 主要输入 资源 主要转换功能 期望输出,医院 病人 医生、护士 健康护理(生理) 健康人,药品供应、设备,餐厅 饥饿的顾客 食品、厨师、服务员 精美食物、舒适 满意的顾客,的环境(物理和交易),汽车工厂 钢板、动力、部件 工具、设备、工人 装配和制造汽车 高质量的汽车,(物理),学院和大学 高中毕业生 教师、教材和教室 知识和技能 (信息) 受教育的人,百货商店 顾客 展示、商品的存储 吸引顾客、推销产品 满意的顾客,售货员 供应订货(交易),15,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,生产系统的运作资源5Ps,People,人力:直接和间接,劳动力,Plant,工厂:进行生产的,工厂,和服务分支,部门,Parts,物料:贯穿在整个系统的,原料,(服务,供给品),Process,工艺过程:设备和产品完成的,步骤,Planning and control system,计划和控制:运行系统的过程控制和信息管理,16,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,2) Production Systems Design,Product and Services Design,Process Selection,Capacity Management,Facility Layout,Job Design and Work Measurement,Location Planning,17,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,3) Operations,Forecasting,Aggregate Planning,Inventory Control,Material Requirements Planning (MRP),Operations Scheduling,Supply Chain Management,Quality Management,Project Management,Waiting Line,18,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,4) Types of Processes,(1)按产品的标准化程度及产量,(2)按满足需求的方式分类,(3)按生产的连续程度,19,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,(1),按产品的标准化程度及产量,单件,产品品种繁多,每种产品生产一台或几台,生产稳定性和专业化程度很低,成批,产品产量较少,品种较多,专业化程度较低,大量,产品产量大而品种少,重复生产一种或少数几种类似的产品,专业化程度较高,20,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Process Flow Structures,Job shop,Batch shop,Assembly Line,Continuous Flow,21,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,IV.,Continuous,Flow,III.,Assembly,Line,II.,Batch,I.,Job,Shop,Low,Volume,One of a,Kind,Multiple,Products,Low,Volume,Few,Major,Products,Higher,Volume,High,Volume,High,Standard-,ization,Commercial,Printer,French Restaurant,Heavy,Equipment,Coffee Shop,Automobile,Assembly,Burger King,Sugar,Refinery,Flexibility (High),Unit Cost (High),Flexibility (Low),Unit Cost (Low),22,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,(2)按满足需求的方式分类,备货型生产,(Make-to-Stock, MTS),按已有的标准产品或产品系列进行的生产,生产的目的是为了补充库存。通过成品库存随时满足用户需求。例如,家用电器、标准件、汽车等的生产。,订货型生产,(Make-to-Order, MTO),按用户订单进行的生产。用户提出各种各样的要求,包括产品性能、数量、等,经过协商确定出价格和交货期等要素,然后组织设计和生产。如船舶、大型工业锅炉等。,MTO和MTS的生产组织有很大的不同,23,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,(3)按生产的连续程度,连续式/半连续加工,产品导向型,(product focus),流程式,Continuous Flow,重复型(模块),Repetitive process,间歇型,Intermittent process,工艺导向型,(process focus),批量生产,(Batch),工艺专门化,(Job Shop),24,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,5) 服务与生产的区别,Service is an intangible process,服务是无形过程,Goods is the physical output of a process,产品是物理输出过程。,25,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Manufacturing vs Service,Characteristic,Output,Customer contact,Uniformity of input,Labor content,Uniformity of output,Measurement of productivity,Opportunity to correct,Manufacturing,Tangible,Low,High,Low,High,Easy,High,Service,Intangible,High,Low,High,Low,Difficult,Low,quality problems,High,26,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,服务与生产的,共同点,制造者提供多种服务,作为产品的一部分,而许多服务者也提供有形的产品,分销给顾客或在提供服务过程中消费产品。(例如:麦当劳),These differences are beginning to fade,in many cases,27,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,4. Historical Development,1911年以前,,探索和研究,1911年以后,,科学管理,70年代,,计算机在管理中的应用,28,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,1911年以前,探索和研究,1770s,Industrial Revolution,(机器代替了人),1776,亚当.斯密在国富论中,讨论 了劳动分工经济利益,1790s,Eli Whitney, interchangeable parts,29,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,1911年以后,科学管理,1911,Frederic W. Taylor, Scientific mgt.,1911,Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Motion study,1912,Henry L. Gantt, Activity scheduling chart,1913,Henry Ford, Moving assembly line,1915,F.W.Harris,Economic lot size,1930,Elton Mayo et al, worker motivation,1935,Walter Shewhart et al,Quality control,1940s,OR applications etc.,30,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,31,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,五、POM发展趋势,发展柔性供应链,实现产品,/,服务的顾客化大量生产,(mass customization).,对全球性供应商、生产与分销网络的管理,.,通过,“,服务性工厂(,Service Factory,),”,创造新的竞争力,.,从服务性企业获得更好的服务,如物流服务等,.,32,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,企业,POM,新策略,大规模定制生产,(Mass Customization),用大批量生产的效率和成本满足顾客定制化(个性化)需求。,供应链管理,(Supply Chain Management),现代物流管理,配送中心,价值链分析,传统供应系统的整合,E-,运作,(E-Operations),33,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Chapter 2 Operations Strategy & Competitiveness,Strategy 战略,Competitiveness 竞争力,Productivity 生产率,34,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Operations Strategy,Operations strategy,is concerned with setting broad policies and plans for using the resources of a firm to best support its long-term competitive strategy.,制定企业各项主要政策和计划,以利用企业资源最大限度地支持企业的长期竞争战略,35,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,生产与运作战略概念,1,企业经营战略,:指在商品经济条件下,企业根据经营环境的变化、发展趋势,为求得生存、发展、实现企业的经营发展目标,对企业经营作出的全局性、方向性和长远性的决策.,2,生产运作战略,:在企业经营战略的总体框架下,决定如何通过运作活动来达到企业的整体经营目标,它通过对企业各种资源要素和内、外部环境的分析,对和生产运作管理和生产运作系统有关的基本问题进行分析和判断,确定总的指导思想以及一系列决策原则,36,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Operations Strategy,Customer Needs,Corporate Strategy,Operations Strategy,Alignment,Core,Competencies,Decisions,Processes, Infrastructure, and Capabilities,37,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Operations Strategy Framework,Customer Needs,New : Old,product : product,Competitive,dimensions & reqs.,Quality, Dependability,Speed, Flexibility, and Price,Operations & Supplier capabilities,Technology,People,Systems,R&D,CIM,JIT,TQM,Distribution,Support Platforms,Financial management,Human resource management,Information management,Enterprise capabilities,38,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Competitiveness,价格,:成本,质量,:产品质量和可靠性,产品/劳务,:产品/劳务的差异性(特质),柔性,(flexibility):为顾客提供多种类型产品 的能力,时间,:交货速度和交货可靠性(在承诺交货期交货),其他(服务),39,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Productivity Measurement,Productivity =,Outputs,Inputs,40,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,不同生产率度量法,Partial measures单因素度量法,Output/(single input),产出/劳动,产出/机器,产出/资本,产出/能量,Multi-factor measures多要素度量,Output/(multiple inputs),产出/(劳动+机器),产出/(劳动+资本+能量),Total measure总度量法,Output/(total inputs),生产的商品或劳务/生产过程中的全部投入,41,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,生产率计算举例,1. 4个工人8次小时内铺放720平方码地毯,生产率720(48)22.5平方码/小时,2. 一台机器在2小时内生产出68件可用的产品,生产率68234件/小时,3. 多要素,产出:1760单位,投入:人工1000美元;材料520美元;管理费2000美元,多要素生产率1760(10005202000)0.5单位/美元,42,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Chapter 3 产品设计,(一),产品开发的重要性,(二),产品开发过程,(三),产品创意的来源-,Customer,(四),产品开发方法,(五),产品的制造设计,43,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,(二)产品开发过程,市场营销,Marketing,为新产品开发提供新概念,为现有产品生产线制定产品规范,。,产品开发,Product Development,将产品技术概念转移至最终设计。,制造,Manufacturing,选择和构造制造产品的过程。,44,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,营销与销售 产品开发 制造,顾客市场,系统,产品规范,市场营销,先进研究,产品设计,销售,过程规划,生产,顾客市场系统,需求,新产品,概念,技术,概念,促销,响应,顾客订单,生产订单,产品,45,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Typical Phases of Product Design Development,Concept Development,Product Planning,Product/Process Engineering,Pilot Production/Ramp-Up,46,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,(三)产品创意的来源,-Customer,Assessing customers needs and wants,Customer satisfaction,47,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,面向顾客的产品设计,Customer Satisfaction,Quality Function Deployment(QFD),质量功能展开,V,alue,A,nalysis /,V,alue,E,ngineering,价值分析与价值工程,48,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,质量功能展开(QFD),A Formal technique for translating the voice of the customer into the language of design and manufacturing engineers.,将顾客,的需求融入产品和服务开发流程的一种结构性方法,Developed in Matsubishis Kobe, Japan, shipyards in the 1970 (by Japan professor Yoji Akao),20世纪80年代晚期,流入美国,49,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,50,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,51,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,绘制质量屋的步骤,Consider the Voice of the customer,考虑客户的需求,Perform Competitive Analysis,竞争分析,Consider the Voice of the Engineer,工程师的考虑,Look for Correlation,相关性分析,Perform Technical Comparison with Competitors,技术方面与竞争对手的比较分析,6Evaluate Design Trade-off,方案的比较评定,52,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,House of Quality,Trade-off matrix,Design characteristics,Customer requirements,Target values,Relationship matrix,Competitive assessment,Importance,1,2,3,4,5,6,53,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,House of Quality,Irons well,Easy and safe to use,Competitive Assessment,Customer Requirements,12345,Presses quickly9BA,X,Removes wrinkles8AB,X,Doesnt stick to fabric6,X,BA,Provides enough steam8AB,X,Doesnt spot fabric6,X,AB,Doesnt scorch fabric9A,X,B,Heats quickly6,X,BA,Automatic shut-off3AB,X,Quick cool-down3,X,AB,Doesnt break when dropped5AB,X,Doesnt burn when touched5AB,X,Not too heavy8,X,AB,54,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,House of Quality,Figure 3.9,Energy needed to press,Weight of iron,Size of soleplate,Thickness of soleplate,Material used in soleplate,Number of holes,Size of holes,Flow of water from holes,Time required to reach 450 F,Time to go from 450 to 100,Protective cover for soleplate,Automatic shutoff,Customer Requirements,Presses quickly-+-,Removes wrinkles+,Doesnt stick to fabric-+,Provides enough steam+,Doesnt spot fabric+-,Doesnt scorch fabric+-+,Heats quickly-+-,Automatic shut-off+,Quick cool-down-+,Doesnt break when dropped+,Doesnt burn when touched+,Not too heavy+-+-,Irons well,Easy and safe to use,55,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,House of Quality,Energy needed to press,Weight of iron,Size of soleplate,Thickness of soleplate,Material used in soleplate,Number of holes,Size of holes,Flow of water from holes,Time required to reach 450,Time to go from 450 to 100,Protective cover for soleplate,Automatic shutoff,-,-,+,+,+,56,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,House of Quality,Energy needed to press,Weight of iron,Size of soleplate,Thickness of soleplate,Material used in soleplate,Number of holes,Size of holes,Flow of water from holes,Time required to reach 450,Time to go from 450 to 100,Protective cover for soleplate,Automatic shutoff,Units of measure,ft-lblbin.cmtyeammoz/ssecsecY/NY/N,Iron A,31.48x42SS27150.545500NY,Iron B,41.28x41MG27150.335350NY,Our Iron (X),21.79x54T35150.750600NY,Estimated impact,344454325530,Estimated cost,333343334452,Targets,1.28x53SS3030500,Design changes,*,Objective measures,57,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Designing for the Customer: Value Analysis/Value Engineering (VA/VE),Achieve equivalent or better performance at a,lower cost,while maintaining all functional requirements defined by the customer.,Does the item have any design features that are not necessary?,Can two or more parts be combined into one?,How can we cut down the weight?,Are there nonstandard parts that can be eliminated?,58,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,工业设计 Industrial Design,稳健型设计,R,obust,D,esign,计算机辅助设计,C,omputer,A,ided,D,esign,模块化设计,M,odular,D,esign,成组技术,G,roup,T,echnology,(四)产品开发方法,59,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Robust Design: Design that results in products or services that can function over a broad range of conditions,Robust Design,60,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Computer-Aided Design,Computer-Aided Design (CAD),is product design using computer graphics.,increases productivity of designers, 3 to 10 times,creates a database for manufacturing information on product specifications,provides possibility of engineering and cost analysis on proposed designs,61,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,模块化设计,模块化设计可在生产多品种产品时用相对少的品种部件。,基本的想法:发展一系列的基本产品部件(或组件),这些部件能被装配成大量的不同产品。,62,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Design for manufacturing (DFM),Design for assembly (DFA),Design for disassembly (DFD),Design for recycling (DFR),Product design,63,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,(五),产品的制造设计,Design for manufacturability,Beyond the overall objective to achieve customer satisfaction while making a reasonable profit is:,Design for Manufacturing(DFM),The designers consideration of the organizations manufacturing capabilities when designing a product.,The more general term,design for operations,encompasses services as well as manufacturing,64,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Design for Manufacturability,Traditional Approach,“We design it, you build it” or “Over the wall”,Concurrent Engineering,“Lets work together simultaneously”,65,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,Concurrent Engineering Defined,Concurrent engineering,can be defined as the,simultaneous,development of project design functions, with,open,and,interactive communication,existing among all team members for the purposes of,reducing time to market,decreasing cost, and,improving quality,and,reliability,.,66,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,并行工程,C,oncurrent,E,ngineering,指侧重于交叉职能的集成、产品的同步开发及相应的实现过程,。,Cross-functional teams,团队是CE最基本的综合机制,有三种形式:,计划管理团队,技术团队,设计 - 建造团队,CE方法的优点: 主要是节约了完成项目的时间,67,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,第四章 选址战略,选址战略的目标,影响选址决策的因素,评价选址方案的方法,68,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,一、选址战略的目标,-选址能给企业带来最大化的收益,工业选址:追求成本最小化,零售业和专业服务业:追求收益最大化,仓库:综合考虑成本和运输速度问题,69,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,二、影响选址决策的因素,选择国家,选择地区,具体位置决策,70,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,制造业选址标准,(1),接近顾客,商业氛围(商圈),总成本,基础设施,劳动力素质,供应商,71,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,政治风险,政府壁垒,当地政府的优惠政策和社区环境,环保条例,制造业选址标准,(2),72,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,三、评估选址方案的方法,因素评分法,选址盈亏平衡法,重心法,运输模型,73,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,因素评分法的步骤,列出所有相关因素(如市场位置、水源供应等等),赋以每个因素以权重,以反映它在公司决策中的相对重要性。各因素比重总和一般是1.00。,给每个因素的打分取值设定一个范围(如0100),用设定的取值范围就各个因素给每个备选地址打分,将每个因素的得分与其权重相乘,计算出每个备选地址的总分,考虑以上计算结果,选取总分最高的地址作为最佳选择。,74,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,选址盈亏平衡分析法的步骤,确定每个地址的固定成本与可变成本,绘出每个地址的成本,纵轴表示成本,横轴表示年生产量,选择对应于期望产量,总成本最小的厂址,75,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,重心法,1)重心法是一种布置单个设施的方法,考虑现有设施之间的距离和要运输的货物量。常用于中间仓库或分销仓库的选择。,2) 重心法首先要在坐标系中标出各个地点的位置,目的在于确定各点的相对距离。,76,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,重心法使用的公式,式中: C x 重心的x坐标;,C y 重心的y坐标;,d ix 第i个地点的x坐标;,d iy 第i个地点的y坐标;,Vi 运到第i个地点或第个地点运出的货物量,77,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,HIOCTANE精炼公司要在长滩(LONG BEACH)的精炼厂和主要批发点中间设立中间仓库。工厂与各批发点之间运出运入的汽油数量如表:,位置 每月汽油购买量/1000000加仑,长滩 1500,阿讷海姆 250,拉哈伯 450,格兰德勒 350,千橡 树 450,重心法案例,(1),78,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,长滩(第一个地点)坐标点(325,75)Vi=1500,重心法案例,(2),长滩(LONG BEACH)的精炼厂和主要批发点的位置见下图,500,400,300,200,100,0 100 200 300 400 500,千橡树(25,450,),格兰德勒(350,400),拉哈伯(450,350),重心(308,217),长滩(325,75),阿讷海姆(400,150),79,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,解:根据前图和表的信息,计算重心的坐标:,X和Y的值分别为308和217,为寻找新的地点提供了参考点。,重心法案例,(3),80,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,第五章 作业布局策略,作业布局的类型,工艺导向布局,产品导向布局,办公室布局,零售商店布局,81,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,一、作业布局的类型,(1),固定位置的布局:大型项目,需要将材料搬运到工作地点周围的有效存储区域,工艺导向布局:机械厂,医院,纺织厂,对每种产品进行不同的物料流管理,小批量,多品种,间断生产,产品导向布局:重复/连续生产,,安排在制品从一个工作站到下一个工作站,82,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,作业布局的类型,(2),办公室布局,安排那些需要频繁接触的工作人员位置相近,零售业/服务业布局,使顾客更容易注意到高利润的产品,获得单位面积货架最大利润,仓库布局,在低成本存贮和低成本材料处理之间平衡,83,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,二、工艺导向布局,Process Layout,84,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,工艺导向布局,工艺导向布局:,合理安排部门或工作中心的位置, 以减少材料的处理成本(零件和人员流动较多的部门应该相邻),最小材料处理成本的计算,85,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,三、产品导向布局,产品导向布局的类型,生产线,装配线,产品导向布局的目的,使生产线或装配线的不平衡减至最小,装配线平衡,将人员之间或机器之间的不平衡降低到最小,86,Dr.WenJieWang DonghuaUniversity2009,1)节拍
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