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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,1,1,人机工程介绍,什么是人机工程?,人机工程的思想萌芽源远流长,花和尚鲁智深要打一条,100,斤的禅仗，铁匠无语,.,猛张飞与他的,丈八蛇矛,猛张飞身高八尺，惯使一条,丈八蛇矛,4,猛张飞与他的,丈八蛇矛,猛张飞身高八尺，惯使一条,丈八蛇矛,5,什么是人机工程?,人机工程学是研究人类与他们的工作、环境和工具之间的关系，并寻找优化这个关系的方法,工人能力,工作要求,人机工程学的目标,工人能力,工作要求,工具, 工作系统,过程,等等.,人机工程学原则能用于平衡工人的能力与工作要求之关的关系,如何优化员工的工作绩效,?,通过对使用者进行工作匹配,工作设计,设备设计,工人的选择,人体差异,普通人群,力量,记住,Pi,小数点后 42,195 位,记忆,3.1415.,高度,为什么要应用人机工程学,?,增强使用者的舒适度,提高生产量,提高生产质量,提高生产力,减少伤害,人类习惯性,使用者期望（习惯模式）,哪个开关是开来煮热水的？,A,B,C,D,?,人类习惯性,设计解决,差,较好,人类习惯性,设计解决,差,较好,最好,身体人机工程学,人和他/她的环境交流,人类身体特征,为人的能力设计,尺寸,力量,性别,身体状况,认知能力,等等.,风险因素：外力,人力物料搬运,抬，推，拉,接触压力,设备或工具的利边,风险因素: 重复,重复运动的定义,相同或相似的动作在每30秒内做一次，持续一个小时以上,风险因素: 姿势,正中姿势,在人机工程中一个关键的概念，因为该姿势能发挥你最大的生物力学的优势来做工作,肌肉在他们最大长度时是最有力的,(,介于 拉力 和,张力),正中姿势,正中姿势是在身体最强大最有效率的位置,脚和肩同宽,脚尖指向稍微向外,膝盖稍微弯曲,肩膀放松,手臂放松放在两边,手呈握手的姿势,头稍微向下,正中姿势: 坐,坐的正中姿势和站的正中姿势相同，除了腿是弯110度以外。,站立姿势,有什么问题?,站立姿势,坐的姿势,有什么问题?,监视器太高,把它放低点以及放在旁边,凳子太低,升高凳子或椅子,大腿和小腿的角度小于,90,0,提供垫脚板,键盘陷入太深,放些垫片在键盘下,没有椅背,使用有靠背的椅子,坐的姿势,什么问题?,工作姿势,新的显示镜减少脖子的弯曲,工作姿势,工作姿势,28,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,常见的伤害,慢性（累积性的骨骼肌肉疾病）,腱鞘炎,“,高尔夫肘,”,颈椎病（生理曲度变直， 颈椎增生等）,腰椎病 （腰椎间盘突出）,腕管综合征,电脑视觉疲劳症,“,网球肘,”,“,鼠标手,”,急性,拉伤,扭伤,29,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,症状,30,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,正确的设置（手提电脑用户）,使用垫高架， 外接键盘和鼠标。,提高手提电脑使其屏幕的最上方保持与眼睛的同一水平。,眼睛与电脑的距离约为一手臂 （,18-26,英寸）,调整椅子高度，使键盘和鼠标与肘部保持同一距离。手臂与地面平行， 腕部是笔直的。,31,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,显示屏的设置,:,高度,:,显示屏的最上方保持与眼睛的同一水平,距离：眼睛与电脑的距离约为一手臂,常见问题（颈部）,:,屏幕太高，太低，或太远,屏幕与键盘不在一直线上,接电话时用颈部夹着电话,所呈现的危险因素,:,笨拙的姿势,-,颈部伸长，低头， 弯曲,静态荷载,-,长时间保持同一姿势。,32,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,屏幕太高，太低,距离太远,屏幕与键盘不在一条线上,接电话时用颈部夹着电话,问题 改进措施,使用垫高架,拉近你自己靠近工作台， 调整距离。,把屏幕对准键盘， 使之在同一直线上,使用耳机接听电话,33,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,键盘使用,使用外接键盘,使用键盘时肩膀放松,上臂与地面平行，上臂与前臂保持,90,度，双臂贴近身体,手腕和手保持一直线,常见问题 （肩部）,耸肩：由于扶手过高，或键盘和鼠标过高,34,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,常见问题（手腕，手， 手指）,使用手提电脑上的键盘,腕部屈曲,手腕搁在桌边 或是手提电脑的边缘上,动作迅速， 很少休息,所呈现的危险因素,:,接触压力,-,手腕搁在桌边 或是手提电脑的边缘上,笨拙的姿势,-,手腕不是自然的中立姿势,.,35,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,耸肩：,使用手提电脑上的键盘,腕部笨拙的姿势,手腕搁在坚硬的表面边缘,迅速的移动， 很少休息,问题 改进措施,调整椅子高度，使上臂与前臂保持,90,度,使用外接的键盘,手腕保持直的，保持中立姿势,使用外接键盘，并配有键盘垫,有空时休息,36,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,不正确的姿势：手腕支在键盘托的边缘,正确的姿势：手腕平放，打字时能随意移动。,37,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,鼠标的使用,使用外接鼠标,.,确保鼠标和键盘在同一高度。,鼠标的移动应由整个手臂带动， 而非腕部。,找到合适你手大小的鼠标,正确地握住鼠标，用最小的力气点击。,所呈现的危险因素：,接触压力,重复,用力过大,笨拙的姿势,38,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,使用鼠标时，手指要保持在一个放松， 自然的位置。,.,你的手必须与你的手腕和前臂成一直线,当你用鼠标时，确保你的肘部贴近你的身体两侧，你的肩部处于放松的状态。,考虑学会左手和右手都会使用鼠标,P,P,使用鼠标时，不要将手向一侧扭曲,不要手指紧绷或紧握鼠标,使用鼠标时，不要用手腕支撑及手部向上弯曲,X,X,X,X,X,39,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,使用轨迹球时，将你的手保持在一个放松的位置。,你的手和手腕及前臂成一直线,当你使用轨迹球时，确保你的肘部贴近你的身体两侧，,你的肩部处于放松的状态。,使用轨迹球时，不要将你的手腕向一侧扭曲,不要手指紧绷或紧握轨迹球。,使用轨迹球时，不要将手腕向上弯曲,X,X,X,P,P,X,X,40,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,椅子和坐姿,椅子高度：确保屏幕的最上方保持与眼睛的同一水平,坐满椅子,.,背部靠在椅背上,双脚平放于地面,坐直身体， 避免,“,C,”,字形姿势,(,从侧面看）,留有少许空间,(,约一个拳头）在膝盖与椅子的边缘 之间,肩部放松,肘部靠近身体两侧,双手放松，移动自如,41,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,错误姿势,身体背部没有靠在椅背上,身体前倾并用肘支撑头部,42,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,错误姿势：,头部前倾,正确的头部姿势：,头部与肩膀垂直,43,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,常见问题 （腰背）,背部前倾，没有靠在椅背上,常见问题 （腿部）,腿部背面压着座椅，或双膝高于大腿，双脚挤在座椅轮脚下,腿部前方没有足够空间,常见问题（双臂）,手臂向前伸展，肘部不在,90,度位置,44,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,控制电脑的闪烁。,光线差时，开灯。,阳光强烈时，拉上窗帘。调低显示屏的亮度。,保持显示屏的 清洁。,必要时使用防闪烁显示屏。,经常检查视力。,经常让眼睛休息一下。,用,20-20,原则：每看电脑,20,分钟，向远方眺望,20,秒。,闭上眼睛，深呼吸,30,秒。,视力保护,45,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,推荐,文件夹,当你需要大量的文件输入的打字工作时，使用文件假。可把文件夹放置在靠近显示屏,（约同一高度和距离）,电话,把电话放的离你近些的地方。,如果你需要一边听电话一边做其他事情时可使用耳机。,46,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,人机工程的提示,用一个椅背能活动的座椅，背部靠在椅背上,2.,显示器顶部高于视线2-3,“,（5-8,cm),3.,显示屏不刺眼，需要时可在显示器上装视保屏,4.,显示器距离,大约等于臂长 (18,”,-26,”,)。,5.,双脚平放在地板或稳固的脚踏上,6.,使用文件支架，最好和电脑屏幕在同一水平上,7.,使用键盘/鼠标/输入装置时保持腕部与前臂平直，移动时保持平移。,47,人体工效学概述和工作台评估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,8.,手臂和肘关节保持放松并置于身体两侧,9.,将显示器与键盘置于正前方,10.,使用呈负角倾斜的并连着一个向上的鼠标托的键盘托，或与键盘相邻的可以向下倾斜平台。,11.,保持工作台和键盘,托的稳定。,12.,经常休息片刻。,
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