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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第十三章 从 句,宾语从句,定语从句,状语从句,其他常见考点,一、宾语从句,1.,引导词,(1),陈述句变宾语从句：,that,(2),一般疑问句变宾语从句：,if/whether,（,or not,）,(3),特殊疑问句变宾语从句：用原来的特殊疑问词,如：,what,，,who,，,where,，,which,，,how,，,how many,一、宾语从句,2.,从句用陈述句语序,如：,He asked Jane if she had got the parcel.,注意：,疑问词在宾语从句中作主语时语序不变。,如：,She asked who wanted to be on TV.,She asked me what the matter was with me.,She asks me what happened to me.,She asks me which the way is to the post office.,一、宾语从句,3.,时态,主句,从句,一般现在时,从句的时态根据该句的意思而定,一般过去时,一般过去时：,was/were,或动词过去式,过去进行时：,was/were+,动词,-,ing,过去将来时：,would+,动词原形,过去完成时：,had+,动词过去分词,一、宾语从句,注意：,条件,/,时间状语从句,宾语从句,if,如果，假如,是否,when,当,的时候,什么时候,if/when,从句的时态,一般现在时,一般将来时,一、宾语从句,4.,其他常见考点,(1)“Could you tell me?”,是用于征询对方意见，并不表示过去，所以此时宾语从句的时态可根据具体语境而定。,如：,Could you please tell me where the post office is?,(2),如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象等，无论主句时态是什么，从句都要用一般现在时。,如：,Tom told me New York is the largest city in America.,二、定语从句,定语从句是用于修饰限定名词或代词的从句。,1.,关系代词作主语,(1),关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，往往用,who,，,that,或,which,引导定语从句。,先行词指人时,用,who,或,that,引导；,先行词（被修饰词）指“物”时，用,that,或,which,引导。,(2),关系代词作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。,二、定语从句,2.,关系代词作宾语,(1),关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，往往用,who,，,that,或,which,引导定语从句。,先行词指人时，用,who(whom),或,that,引导；,先行词指物时，用,that,或,which,引导定语从句。,(2),关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，还可以省略关系词，但是关系代词作主语时，不能省略。,二、定语从句,3.,关系代词前面有介词时用“介词,+which”,或“介词,+whom”,结构。,如：,Tom likes the girl with whom you went to school yesterday.,My mother loves the car in which she goes to work every day.,三、状语从句,一,、,时间状语从句,1.引导词,when,，,while,，,as,，,before,，,after,，,as soon as,，,until,，,since,如：Mozart,started writing music when he was four years old.,He visited a lot of places while he was travelling.,He left the classroom after he had finished his homework.,一、时间状语从句,2.,一般情况下主句是将来时,，从句用一般现在时。,如：I will tell him as soon as he comes back tomorrow.,I will not leave the classroom until my teacher checks my homework.,3.,同义替换,：,not until /not before,和,after,如：I will not go to bed until my mother comes back.,=I will not go to bed before my mother comes back.,=I will go to bed after my mother comes back.,二、条件状语从句,1.,引导词：if,unless,2.if,not与unless及or的同义句转换,。,3.,主句为将来时或一般现在时,，,从句用一般现在时代替,。,如：If,it doesnt rain tomorrow,we will go fishing.,=Unless it rains tomorrow,we will go fishing.,Be quick,or well be late for school.,=If we arent quick,well be late for school.,三、原因状语从句,1.,引导词：,because,，,since,，,as,，,for,2.,对,because,引导的原因状语提问要用,why,。,3.because,不能与,so,连用。,4.because,，,since,，,as,和,for,的区别：,because,从句所表示的是对方不知道的直接的原因，因此在回答以,why,引导的特殊疑问句时只可用,because,，而,as,和,since,引导的从句却不可；,as,和,since,从句所表示的往往是对方已知的原因；,for,往往用于附加理由证明。,三、原因状语从句,4.because,，,since,，,as,和,for,的区别,如：,I didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill.,Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.,As you are in poor health,you should not stay up late.,I asked her to stay to tea,for I had something to tell her.,四、目的状语从句,1.,引导词：,so that,，,in order that/in order to do,2.,从句中常用情态动词（,can,，,could,）。,如：,Ill run slowly so that /in order that you can catch up with me.,I opened the window so that/in order that fresh air might come in.,五、结果状语从句,1.,引导词：,so that,，,such that,2.so,与,such,的区别在于,so,后面接形容词，,such,后面接名词，固定搭配如下：,（,1,）,so+,形容词,+a/an+,单数名词,（,2,）,such+a/an+,形容词,+,单数名词,（,3,）,so+many/much/few/little+,形容词,+,名词,（,4,）,such+,形容词,+,不可数名词,/,复数可数名词,如：,so young a boy,=such a young boy,such interesting books,五、结果状语从句,3.“,so+adj,./,adv.+that,”,与“,too+adj,./,adv.+to,do,sth,.”,和“,adj./,adv.+enough,to”,之间转换。,如：,He is so careless a boy that he cant look after his pet alone.,=He is such a careless boy that he cant look after his pet alone.,=The boy is so careless that he cant look after his pet alone.,=The boy is too careless to look after his pet alone.,=The boy is not careful enough to look after his pet alone.,六、比较状语从句,1.,引导词：,as,as,，,not as/so as,，,than,2.not as/so as,与,than,的同义句替换。,3.as,as,和,not as/so as,的中间用形容词或副词的原形。,七、让步状语从句,1.,引导词：,though,，,even though,，,although,，,no mater+,疑问词,2.although,，,though,不能与,but,连用。,如：,Sam did quite well in the exam though he was unprepared.,=Sam was unprepared,but he did quite well in the exam.,八、地点状语从句,1.,引导词：,where,，,wherever,2.wherever=no matter where,九、方式状语从句,引导词：,as if,，,as though(,好像,),，,as,祝福筑梦路上的所有考生，加油！,感谢使用,
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